Philippine Psychology Act of 2009 Essay

STATEMENT OF POLICY Section 2. Statement of Policy. – The State recognizes that psychologists have an important role in nation-building and development. It also acknowledges the diverse specializations of psychologists and the diverse functions specific to the varied specializations. It particular, it recognizes the significance of the psychological services that practicing psychologists provide to diverse types of clients, but also recognizes the need to protect the public by preventing inexperienced or untrained individuals from offering psychological services. Hence, it shall nurture competent, upright and assiduous psychologists whose standards of practice and service shall be excellent and globally competitive through the administration of inviolable, effective and credible licensure examinations and the imposition and promotion of regulatory measures, programs and activities that enhance their professional growth and well-being. ARTICLE III DEFINITION OF TERMS Section 3. Definition of Terms. – As used in this Act, the following terms shall have the following meanings: (a) â€Å"Psychology† is the scientific study of human behavior. It involves the application of scientific methods to inquire into the biological, cognitive, affective, developmental, personality, social, cultural and individual difference dimensions of human behavior. (b) â€Å"Practice of Psychology† consists of the delivery of psychological services that involve application of psychological principles and procedures for the purpose of describing, understanding, predicting and influencing the behavior of individuals or groups, in order to assist in the attainment of optimal human growth and functioning. The delivery of psychological services includes, but is not limited to: (1) psychological interventions: psychological counseling, psychotherapy, psychosocial support, coaching, psychological debriefing, group processes and all other psychological interventions that involve the application of psychological principles to improve psychological functioning of individuals, families, groups and organizations; (2) psychological assessment: gathering and integration of psychology-related data for the purpose of making a psychological evaluation, accomplished through a variety of tools, including individual tests, projective tests, clinical interview and other psychological assessment tools, for the purpose of assessing diverse psychological functions including cognitive abilities, aptitudes, personality characteristics, attitudes, values, interests, emotions and motivations, among others, in support of psychological counseling, psychotherapy and other psychological interventions; and (3) psychological programs: development, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of psychological treatment for individuals and/or groups. (c) â€Å"Psychologist† means a natural person who is duly registered and holds a valid certificate of registration and a valid professional identification card as professional psychologist, issued by the Professional Regulatory Board of Psychology and the Professional Regulation Commission pursuant to this Act for the purpose of delivering the different psychological services defined in this Act. (d) â€Å"Psychometrician† means a natural person who holds a valid certificate of registration and a valid professional identification card as psychometrician issued by the Professional Regulatory Board of Psychology and the Professional Regulation Commission pursuant to this Act. As such, he/she shall be authorized to do any of the following: Provided, That such shall at all times be conducted under the supervision of a licensed professional psychologist: (1) administering and scoring of objective personality tests, structured personality tests, excluding projective tests and other higher level forms of psychological tests; (2) interpreting results of the same and preparing a written report on these results; and (3) conducting preparatory intake interviews of clients for psychological invention sessions. ARTICLE IV PROFESSIONAL REGULATORY BOARD OF PSYCHOLOGY Section 4. Creation and Composition of the Professional Regulatory Board of Psychology. – There is hereby created a Professional Regulatory Board of Psychology, hereinafter called the Board, a collegial body under the administrative control and supervision of the Professional Regulation Commission, hereinafter referred to as the Commission, which shall be composed of a Chairperson and two (2) members appointed by the President of the Philippines from a list of three (3) nominees for each position. The list of nominees shall be submitted to the Commission by the integrated and accredited national organization of psychologists. The Board shall be organized not later than sixty (60) days from the effectivity of this Act. Section 5. Qualification of the Chairperson and the Members of the Professional Regulatory Board of Psychology. – The Chairperson and members of the Board shall, at the time of their appointment and for the course of their term, possess the following quali fications: (a) A natural born citizen and resident of the Philippines; (b) At least thirty-five (35) years of age; (c) Possess good moral character; (d) Hold a doctorate degree in psychology conferred by a university, college or school in the Philippines or board duly recognized and/or accredited by   the Commission on Higher Education (CHED); (e) Have at least ten (10) years of practice in psychology and psychometrics in a duly recognized institution, clinic or center, as well as at least (5) years of teaching experience in the field of psychology; (f) Be a registered and licensed psychologists, except in the case of the first members of the Board who shall automatically be conferred a valid certificate of registration and a valid professional identification card in psychology and psychometrics upon appointment to the Board; (g) Is neither an officer, trustee nor member of the faculty of any university, college, institute or school where a regular course in psychology is offered or taught or review classes conducted and shall not have any pecuniary interest, direct or indirect, in any such institution; (h) Is not an officer, nor hold any position other than being a member of the integrated and accredited national organization of psychologists; and (i) Shall not have been convicted of any crime involving moral turpitude. Section 6. Term of Office. – The members of the Board shall hold office for a term of three (3) years or until their successors shall have been appointed and duly qualified. Each member of the Board may be reappointed for one (1) full term of three (3) years. The first members of the Board shall hold office for the following terms: the Chairperson for three (3) years; one (10 member for two (2) years; and the other member for one (1) year, which shall be specified in their respective appointments. Any vacancy occurring within the term of a member shall be filled for the unexpired portion of the term only. Each member of the Board shall qualify by taking the proper oath prior to the performance of his/her duties. Section 7. Powers and Duties. – The Board shall have the following powers and duties: (a) Administer and implement the provisions of this Act and promulgate as well as revise or update, as necessary, rules and regulations, resolutions and guidelines hereto: Provided, That the policies, resolutions, rules and regulations issued or promulgated by the Board shall be subject to review and approval of the Commission; (b) Supervise and monitor the registration, licensure and practice of psychologists and Psychometricians in the Philippines; (c) Administer oaths in connection with the administration of this Act; (d) Issue, and upon compliance with due process requirements, suspend or revoke, and/or reinstate, the certificate of registration and professional identification card for psychologists and psychometricians; (e) Adopt an official seal of the Board; (f) Monitor the conditions and circumstances affecting the practice of psychology and psychometrics in the Philippines and adopt such measures as may be deemed lawful and proper for the enhancement and maintenance of high professional, ethical and technical standards of the profession; (g) Issue permits to and exercise visitorial powers over agencies, institutions, associations and partnerships to verify that the persons practicing psychology and psychometrics therein are psychologists and psychometricians with valid certificates of registration and valid professional identification cards, and that they possess the necessary accreditation, skills and/or facilities to competently carry out their functions; (h) Assist the Commission in the formulation and implementation of the guidelines on continuing professional education for psychologists and psychometricians; (i) Ensure, in coordination with the CHED, that all educational institutions offering the course/program of psychology stric tly comply with the policies, standards and requirements prescribed by the CHED for such course/program, especially in the areas of administration, curriculum, faculty, library and facilities; (j) Prepare, adopt, issue and amend, in consultation with the CHED, syllabi for the licensure examination subjects; (k) Investigate and, when warranted, her administrative cases involving violations of this Act, its implementing rules and regulations as hereinafter promulgated, and any applicable code of ethics and/or code of professional standards. For this purpose, it may issue subpoena testificandum and subpoena duces tecum to secure the appearances of witnesses and the production of documents in connection therewith:Provided, That the Board’s decision, resolution or orders rendered in administrative cases shall be subject to review only on appeal; and (l) Perform such other functions and duties as may be lawfully delegated to it, or as it may deem necessary to carry out the objectives of this Act. Section 8. Compensation and Allowances. – The Chairperson and members of the Board shall receive the same compensation and allowances as those received by the Chairperson and members of the existing regulatory boards under the Commission, as provided in the charter of the Commission and in the General Appropriations Act. Section 9. Removal or Suspension of Members of the Professional Regulatory Board of Psychology. – Any member of the Board may, upon the recommendation of the Commission, upon observance of due process and completion of the proper investigation, be suspended or removed by the President from office for cause, such as gross neglect of duty, incompetence, malpractice, behavior unbecoming of a psychology professional, immorality, unethical or dishonorable conduct, final conviction of any crime involving moral turpitude, any act of grant and corruption, and participation in the manipulation of or any dishonesty relative to the licensure examinations and/or th e registration process. Section 10. Administrative Supervision over the Board, Custodian of its Records, Secretariat and Support Services. – The Board shall be under the administrative supervision and control of the Commission. All records of the Board, including documents relative to the licensure examinations as well as administrative and other investigative cases conducted by the Board, shall be kept in the custody of the Commission. The Commission shall designate the Secretary of the Board and shall provide the secretariat with necessary support services to effectivity implement the provisions of this Act. ARTICLE V LICENSURE EXAMINATIONS Section 11. Examinations Required. – All applicants for registration to practice psychology and psychometrics shall be required to pass a licensure examination for psychologists and psychometricians to be conducted by the Board in such places and dates, and subject to such requirements prescribed by the Commission. Section 12. Qualifications of Applicants for the Licensure Examination for Psychologists. – Any person may apply to take examination for registration and licensure as a psychologist after furnishing evidence satisfactory to the Board that the applicant: (a) Is a Filipino citizen, a permanent resident or a citizen of a foreign state/country which extends reciprocity to the Philippines relative to the practice of the profession; (b) Holds at least a master’s degree in psychology conferred by a university, college or school in the Philippines or abroad recognized/accredited by the CHED and has obtained sufficient credits for the subjects covered in the examinations; (c) Has undergone a minimum of two hundred (200) hours of supervised practicum/internship/clinical experience related to services enumerated in paragraph (b) of Section 3 of this Act and under the auspices of a licensed psychologist or other licensed mental health professional; (d) Is of good moral character; and (e) Has not been convicted of an offense involving moral turpitude. Section 13. Qualifications of Applicants for the Licensure Examination for Psychometricians. – Any person may apply to take the examination for registration and licensure as a psychometrician by furnishing evidence satisfactory to the Board that the applicant: (a) Is a Filipino citizen, a permanent resident or a citizen of a foreign state/country which extends reciprocity to the Philippines relative to the practice of the profession; (b) Holds at least a bachelor’s degree in psychology conferred by a university, college or school in the Philippines or abroad recognized/accredited by the CHED and has obtained sufficient credits for the subjects covered in the examinations; (c) Is of good moral character; and (d) Has not been convicted of an offense involving moral turpitude. Section 14. Examination Subjects for Psychologists. – The licensure examination for psychologists shall cover the following subjects: (a) Advanced Theories of Personality; (b) Advanced Abnormal Psychology; (c) Advanced Psychological Assessment; and (d) Psychological Counseling and Psychotherapy. Section 15. Examination Subjects for Psychometricians. – The licensure examinations for psychometricians shall cover the following subjects: (a) Theories of Personality; (b) Abnormal Psychology; (c) Industrial Psychology; and (d) Psychological Assessment. The Board may recluster, rearrange, modify, add or exclude and prescribed subjects for psychologists and psychometricians as the need arises. Section 16. Registration Without Examination for Psychologists. – A person who possesses the qualifications required to take the examination for registration as a psychologist pursuant to the provisions of this Act may be registered without examination: Provided, That the applicant files with the Board within three (3) years after its creation an application for registration and issuance of certificate of registration and professional identification card by submitting credentials satisfactory to the Board that the applicant had, on or prior to the effectivity of this Act, fulfilled the requirements under either subparagraphs (a), (b) or (c) herein: (a) Obtained a doctoral degree in psychology and had accumulated three (3) years of work experience in the practice of psychology; (b) Obtained a master’s degree in psychology and accum ulated a minimum of five (5) years of work experience in the practice of psychology; (c) Psychologists or employees who hold positions as psychologists presently employed in various government or private agencies, who have a bachelor’s degree in psychology, accumulated a minimum of ten (10) years of work experience in the practice of psychology as a psychologist, and who have updated their professional education in various psychology-related functions. Section 17. Registration Without Examination for Psychometricians. – A person who possesses the qualifications required to take the examination for registration as a psychometrician may be registered without examination:Provided, That the applicant files with the Board within three (3) years after its creation an application for registration and issuance of a certificate of registration and professional identification card by submitting credentials satisfactory to the Board that the applicant before the effectivity of this Act had obtained a bachelor’s degree in psychology and had accumulated a min imum of two (2) years full time work experience in the practice of psychometrics. Section 18. Ratings in the Examination. – To be qualified as having passed the licensure examination for psychologists and psychometricians, a candidate must have obtained a weighted general average of at least seventy-five percent (75%) for all subjects, with no grade lower than sixty percent (60%) in any given subject. An examine who obtains a weighted general average of seventy-five percent (75%) or higher but obtains a rating below sixty percent (60%) in any given subject may retake such subjects within the next two (2) years, and upon obtaining a rating of at least seventy-five percent (75%) in each such subject, shall then be deemed to have passed the licensure examination. Section 19. Report of Ratings. – The Board shall submit to the Commission an official report detailing the ratings obtained by each examine within ten (10) calendar days after the examination, unless such period is extended for just cause. ARTICLE VI REGISTRATION Section 20. Oath of Psychologists and Psychometricians. – All successful examines qualified for registration and all qualified applicants for registration without examination shall be required to take an oath to uphold the profession before any member of the Board or any officer of the Commission authorized to administer oaths, prior to entering into the practice of psychology or psychometrics in the Philippines. Section 21. Issuance of Certificate of Registration and Professional Identification Card. – A certificate of registration and professional identification card shall be issued to all successful examines and registrants without examination upon compliance with all the legal requirements, including payment of fees, prescribed by the Commission. The certificate of registration shall bear the signature of the Chairperson of the Commission and members of the Board, indicating that the person named therein is entitled to practice the profession with all the privileges and concomitant responsibilities appurtenant thereto. The said certificate shall remain in full force and effect until suspended in accordance with this Act. A professional identification card bearing the registration number, date of issuance and validity term of three (3) years, duly signed by the Chairperson of the Commission, shall likewise be issued to every registrant who has paid the prescribed registration fee. Upon expiration of the professional identification card, the psychologist and psychometrician may renew the same upon proof of compliance with continuing education requirements prescribed by the Board and/or the Commission. Section 22. Disclosure of Registration Information. – The psychologist or psychomitrician shall be required to indicate his/her registration and professional identification card number and date of issuance, the duration of validity, including the professional tax receipt number on each document signed, used or issued in connection with the practice of his/her profession. Section 23. Non-issuance of Certificate of Registration and Professional Identification Card. – The Board shall not register nor issue a certificate of registration or professional identification card to any person convicted of a criminal offense involving moral turpitude, has been found guilty by a judicial or other duly constituted tribunal of immoral or dishonorable conduct, or has been medically diagnosed to be of unsound mind. In the event of non-issuance of the certificate for any reason, the Board shall furnish the applicant a written statement setting forth the reasons for such denial, which statement shall be incorporated to the records of the Board. Section 24. Foreign Reciprocity. – No foreigner shall be admitted to the psychology or psychometrics licensure examinations unless he/she proves that the country of which he/she is a citizen either: (a) Admits Filipino citizens to the practice of psychology or psychometrics without need for registration and issuance of a certificate of registration/professional identification card; (b) Allows Filipino citizens to practice psychology or psychometrics without restriction; or (c) Allows Filipino citizens to practice the same after an examination on terms of strict and absolute equality with nationals of said country. Section 25. Practice through Special/Temporary Permit. – Special/temporary permits may be issued by the Board, subject to the approval by the Commission and payment of appropriate fees, to the following persons: (a) Licensed psychologists or psychometricians from foreign countries/states who are internationally acknowledged specialists or outstanding experts in psychology or psychometrics: Provided, That their services are important and necessary either due to the lack or inadequacy of available local specialists or experts or in recognition of their potential contribution to the promotion and advancement of the practice of psychology of psychometrics through transfer of technology; (b) Licensed psychologists or psychometricians from foreign countries/states whose services shall be free and offered exclusively to indigent patients in a particular hospital, center or clinic; and (c) Licensed psychologists or psychometricians from foreign countries/states employed as exchange professors to teach psychology or psychometrics in school s, colleges, universities offering psychology or psychometrics courses or programs. The permit shall detail the conditions thereof which shall, among other things, include the effectivity period of not more than one (1) year subject to renewal and the specific place of practice such as the clinic, hospital, center, school, college, university offering the course of psychology or psychometrics. The Board, subject to the approval by the Commission, shall prescribed rules and regulations on the implementation of this particular section. Section 26. Suspension or Revocation of Certificate of Registration and Professional Identification Card or Cancellation of a Special/Temporary Permit. – The Board shall have the power, after notice and hearing, to suspend or revoke the certificate of registration and professional identification card or to cancel special/temporary permits granted pursuant to this Act on any ground set forth in Section 33 of this Act or any of the instances hereunder: (a) Procurement of a certificate of registration and/or professional identificat ion card or special/temporary permit by fraud or deceit; (b) Allowing an unqualified person to advertise or to practice the profession by using one’s certificate of registration or professional identification card or special/temporary permit; (c) Violating or conspiring to violate any of the provisions of this Act, its implementing rules and regulations, the code of ethics or code of professional standards promulgated hereinafter by the Board; (d) Manifest physical or mental incompetence to render psychological services with reasonable skill and safety to his/her clients/patients; (e) Professional misconduct or negligence in the performance of duties as a psychometrician; and (f) Engaging in the practice of the profession during the period of one’s suspension. Section 27. Reinstatement. – A psychologist or psychometrician whose certificate of registration has been revoked may apply to the Board for reinstatement at any time after two (2) years from the date of revocation of said certificate. The application shall be in writing and shall conform to requirements hereinafter prescribed by the Board. No certificate of registration or professional identification card or special/temporary permit shall be reinstated unless the Board is satisfied that a good cause exists to warrant such reinstatement. Issuance of a new certificate of registration or professional identification card or special/temporary permit in lieu of one that has been lost, destroyed or mutilated shall be subject to applicable rules prescribed by the Commission. Section 28. Appeal from Judgement. – The decision of the Board shall ipso facto become final fifteen (15) days from receipt of the decision by the respondent unless an appeal has been filed with the Commission within the same period. The Commission’s decision on appeal may be further appealed before the Court Appeals within fifteen (15) days from receipt thereof. Section 29. Rights of the Respondent. – The respondent psychologist or psychometrician shall have the right to be represented by counsel at all stages of the proceedings as well as to speedy disposition of his/her case. He/She shall have the right to confront witnesses against him/her in addition to such other rights guaranteed by the Constitution. ARTICLE VII PRIVILEDGED COMMUNICATION AND PROFESSIONAL INTEGRATION Section 30. Rights to Privilege Communication for Psychologists and Psychometricians. – A psychologists or psychometrician cannot, without the consent of the client/patient, be examined on any communication or information disclosed and/or acquired in the course of giving psychological services to such client. The protection accorded herein shall extend to all pertinent records and shall be available to the secretary, clerk or other staff of the licensed psychologist or psychometrician. Any evidence obtained in violation of this provision shall be inadmissible for any purpose in any proceeding. Section 31. Integration of the Profession. – The profession shall hereinafter be integrated by consolidating all practitioners into one (1) national organization of registered and licensed psychologists and psychometricians, which shall be recognized and accredited by the Board, subject to approval of the Commission. A psychologist or psychometrician duly registered and licensed by the Board and the Commission shall automatically become a member of said organization and shall receive the benefits and privileges, as well as be subject to all responsibilities and obligations, appurtenant thereto upon payment of the required fees and dues. Membership in the integrated organization shall not be a bar to membership in any other association of psychologists and/or psychometricians.1avvphi1 Section 32. Code of Ethics and Code of Practice for Psychologists and Psychometricians. – The Board shall adopt and promulgated the Code of Ethics and Code of Practice for Psychometricians prescribed and issued by the accredited pro fessional organization of psychologists. ARTICLE VIII PROHIBITED ACTS, PENALTIES AND ENFORCEMENT OF THIS ACT Section 33. Prohibited Acts. – (a) No person shall: (1) Engage in the professional practice of psychology or psychometrics nor represent himself/herself as a professional practicing psychologist or psychometrician without a valid certificate of registration or valid professional identification card, or a valid special/temporary permit granted by the Board pursuant to this Act; (2) Represent himself/herself to be a licensed and authorized practicing psychologist or psychometrician during the time that his/her certificate of registration has been suspended or revoked or professional identification card without being renewed, or special/temporary permit cancelled; (3) Allow any other person to use his/her certificate of registration and professional identification card or special/temporary permit for any purpose, regardless of whether such enables the unqualified individual to engage in the practice of psychology or psychometrics; (4) Use, exhibit and/or misrepresent as his/her own the certificate of registration and/or professional iden tification card or special/temporary permit of another; and (5) Give any false, inaccurate, misleading or incomplete information to the Board on order to obtain a certificate of registration or professional identification card or special/temporary permit. (b) No corporation, partnership, association or entity shall operate a psychology or psychometrics office, center, clinic or otherwise engage in the practice or allow the practice of psychology or psychometrics within its premises without securing a permit therefor from the Board. Such permit shall be issued only after the Board is satisfied that such establishment is competently staffed by a psychologist and equipped with sufficient and adequate psychology-related instruments and facilities. (c)A violation of any provision of this Act or of its implementing rules and regulations shall be penalized accordingly. Section 34. Penalties. – Any person who violates any provision of this Act implementing rules and regulations shall be punished with imprisonment of not less than six (6) months but not more than three (3) years, or a fine of not less than Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) but not more than One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00), or both, at the discretion of the court. Section 35. Injunction. – The Board may initiate action to enjoin, restrain, and/or prosecute any individual, corporation, association, partnership or entity engaging in the practice of psychology and psychometrics in violation of this Act. Section 36. Enforcement. – It shall be the duty of all duly constituted law enforcement agencies and officers of national, provincial, city or municipal governments to uphold and enforce the provisions of this Act and to investigate and prosecute or cause the investigation and prosecution of any person violating the same. ARTICLE IX MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS Section 37. Funding Provision. – The Chairperson of the Commission shall immediately hereinafter include in the Commission’s programs the prompt implementation of this Act, funding of which shall be provided for in the annual General Appropriations Act. Section 38. Implementing Rules and Regulations. – Within ninety (90) days after the constitution of the Board, it shall promulgated the necessary implementing rules and regulations, subject to approval of the Commission, to implement the provisions of this Act. Section 39. Separability Clause. – If any provision of this Act shall at any time be found to be unconstitutional or invalid, the remainder thereof not affected by such declaration shall remain in full force and effect. Section 40. Repealing Clause. – All laws, decrees, rules or regulations inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed or modified accordingly. Section 41. Effectivity. – This Act shall take effect afte r fifteen (15) days following its complete publication in two (2) newspapers of general circulation. Approved, (Sgd.) PROSPERO C. NOGRALES Speaker of the House of Representatives| (Sgd.) JUAN PONCE ENRILE President of the Senate| This Act which is a consolidation of Senate Bill No. 3498 and House Bill No. 6512 was finally passed by the Senate and the House of Representatives on December 14, 2009 and December 16, 2009, respectively. (Sgd.) MARILYN B. BARUA-YAP Secretary General House of Represenatives| (Sgd.) EMMA LIRIO-REYES Secretary of Senate| Approved: March 16, 2010 (Sgd.) GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO President of the Philippines The Lawphil Project – Arellano Law Foundation Online Application for Registration Without Examination This facility is for the exclusive use of applicants for registration without examination and is available up to: * May 21, 2015 – for Psychologists and Psychometricians * May 21, 2014 – for Respiratory Therapists Please read carefully the entire instructions and information provided below so you will be guided properly on the procedures, requirements and timetables for registration without examination. 1. Before submitting an application for registration without examination, the applicant must: a. Decide what the application for registration without examination is for (whether for Psychologist or Psychometrician or both, or for Respiratory Therapist). Separate forms and payment will be required for each application. b. Determine whether applicant satisfies the qualification standards for Psychologist, Psychometrician, or Respiratory Therapist c. Determine if applicant can satisfy all the documentary requirements within 15 days from the time of online application. The documentary requirements for Psychologist, Psychometrician, or Respiratory Therapist are provided hereunder: For Psychologist 1. Original and Photocopy of Certificate of Live Birth in NSO Security Paper for Filipino citizens. In case of a foreign citizen, a copy of the law of the state or country which permits Filipino Psychologists to practice on the same basis as its subject or citizens, duly authenticated by the Philippine embassy or consulate therein. 2. Original and photocopy of Marriage Certificate in NSO security paper (for married female only) 3. Original and photocopy of Transcript of Records with scanned picture and with the Special Order Number indicated (for both undergraduate and graduate degrees). Where school is exempted from the issuance of an SO, a certificate of authentication and validation (CAV) must be secured from CHED. 4. For those who do not have a master’s degree, a certified true copy of of at least 100 hours of updating seminars and workshops attended from June 2005 to June 2010 must be presented/submitted 5. Original Certificates of Practice/Work Experience(s): a. Certificate of Employment from immediate superior duly noted by either the HR Manager or Employer specifying the position title, nature of work and specific period of employment duly sworn in by the issuing authorities. Official Job Description signed by the HR Manager must be attached, and for government employees, the official service record specifying the position item must also be submitted. b. For those who are self-employed, applicant must submit the following: 1. Certificate of private practice from colleagues, professional partners and/or institutional clients, specifying the nature of work/services rendered and the duration thereof, duly sworn in and notarized under oath 2. Work contract(s), if any, and/or sworn in statement of the practitioner specifying the nature, scope and duration of project engagement or services rendered, and the regularity of service-delivery with the undertaking that documentary evidence wi ll be produced when required by the Board 3. Business permit and DTI registration 6. Three (3) Original Certificates of Good Moral Character from any of the following: school, employer, church, and/or Barangay Captain duly signed by issuing authority and notarized under oath 7. Original Certificate of Mental Health or Mental Fitness from a Psychiatrist or from a Registered/Certified Clinical Psychologist, duly signed and notarized under oath 8. Original and photocopy of valid NBI Clearance plus Ombudsman clearance for government employees 9. Two (2) colored passport-size picture with white background and complete name tag 10. Photocopy of Community Tax Certificate For Psychometrician 11. Original and Photocopy of Certificate of Live Birth in NSO security paper for Filipino citizens. In case of a foreign citizen, a copy of the law of the state or country which permits Filipino Psychometricians to practice on the same basis as its subject or citizens, duly authenticated by the Philippine embassy or consulate therein. 12. Original and photocopy of Marriage Certificate in NSO security paper (for married female only) 13. Original and photocopy of Transcript of Records for Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology (AB/BS) with scanned picture. Special Order Number must be indicated. Where school is exempted from the issuance of an SO, a certificate of authentication and validation (CAV) must be secured from CHED. 14. Original certificate of full-time work experience as a Psychometrician or full time work engagement in the practice of psychometrics for a minimum of 2 years, either from immediate superior (if employed) or from institutional clients, professional partners/colleagues (if on private practice), specifying the nature of work, duly sworn in and notarized under oath. Official job description must be attached. 15. Original and photocopy of valid NBI Clearance; plus Clearance from the Ombudsman for those in government service. 16. Three (3) original Certificates of Good Moral Character, from any of the following: school/former professor, employer, church, and/or Barangay Captain duly signed by issuing authority and notarized under oath 17. Two (2) colored passport-size pictures with white background and complete name tag 18. Photocopy of Community Tax Certificate For Respiratory Therapist 19. Original and photocopy of Certificate of Live Birth in NSO security paper 20. Original and photocopy of Marriage Certificate in NSO security paper (for married female only) 21. Original and photocopy of Transcript of Records (with scanned picture) indicating the Special Order (SO) number, and where the school is exempted from the issuance of an SO, a Certificate of Authentication and Validation (CAV) from the CHED 22. Original and photocopy of NBI Clearance 23. Original Ombudsman Clearance (for government employee) 24. Three (3) Certificates of Good Moral Character, preferably from school, employer, church or barangay captain, duly signed by the issuing authority and duly notarized under oath 25. Two (2) colored passport-size pictures with white background and complete name tag 26. Community Tax Certificate 27. Certificate of Employment, Service Record and Job Description: For academic practitioners: c. Certificate of Employment and Service Record duly signed under oath and sealed by the Human Resources Department d. Certification of subjects taught in the last ten (10) years duly signed under oath and sealed by the Dean of the college, or his/her equivalent, and the school’s Registrar For clinical practitioners: e. Certificate of Employment and Service Record duly signed under oath and sealed by the Human Resources Department and Medical Director f. Copy of the Job Description duly signed under oath and sealed by the Human Resources Department For home care clinical practitioners: g. Certificate of Employment and Service Record duly signed under oath and sealed by the Human Resources Department and the General Manager (or his/her equivalent) h. Copy of the Job Description duly signed under oath and sealed by the Human Resources Department and the General Manager (or his/her equivalent) NOTE: For applicants working abroad, the required documents must be certified by the Philippine Overseas Labor Office near the place of work. 2. 3. As soon as applicant has ascertained (1) which registration without examination to apply for (as Psychologist, Psychometrician or both, or as Respiratory Therapist); (2) that he/she satisfies the qualification requirements; and (3) can satisfy all the documentary requirements within the time stated, the applicant is ready to proceed to submit his/her application online. 4. After receiving an acknowledgement through applicant’s email that the application for registration without examination has been submitted successfully together with an order form for payment, applicant must follow the steps hereunder: d. On the assigned date, applicant must go to the Customer Service Center of the nearest PRC office and secure one (1) P15 metered documentary stamp. Affix the documentary stamp on the space provided in the application form, sign it and indicate the date when the application form was accomplished. Applicant can then proceed to the cashier’s window for the payment of the application/processing fee (P900.00 for each application to be processed). e. Submit a copy of the official receipt (OR) evidencing payment together with the duly accomplished application form and documents to: 1. For Psychologist and Psychometrician – Window 12, Application Division at the Ground Floor of PRC Main Building 2. For Respiratory Therapist – PRB Secretariat Office, 3rd Floor of PRC Main Building 3. PRC Regional Offices Submit all required documents in a clear book with the confirmation number and official notice of submission from the PRB on the first page, a table of contents on the second, the printed application form on the third page, and the rest of the documents in subsequent pages arranged according to the list provided. The application processor will conduct an initial screening of the application documents and should inform the applicant of any deficiency at this time. Applicant should receive a claim stub after initial screening is done. a. After receipt by PRC of applicant’s documents, he/she should wait for official notification from PRC through his/her email account. Applicant is also advised to check the PRC website regularly to check whether the application has been approved or call tel. no. 3101018 to inquire about the status of application. I have read and fully understood the instructions and I fully agree with the terms and conditions governing the Professional Regulation Commission’s application for registration without examination.

October Sky Psychology Write-Up

Film Write-up 1 October Sky is a based on a true story about a mining town called Coalwood and one boy’s journey. Homer Hickam is an adolescent boy whose life has been predetermined by his father, a foreman at the coalmine, to work down in the mines but he has a different plan for his life. In October 1957, everything changes when the first artificial satellite, Sputnik goes into orbit. After he sees the satellite flying across the night’s sky, Homer becomes inspired to learn how to build rockets.With his friends, who also are destined for the mines, and the local nerd, Homer sets to do just that by trial and a lot of error. Unfortunately, most of the town, especially Homer's father, thinks that the boys are wasting their time. They don’t believe in what these kids are trying to accomplish, the only one who has faith in them is their high school teacher, Miss Riley. She understands what they’re trying to do and gives them the support and encouragement they need to become contenders in the national science fair with a college scholarships and a life out of the mines being the prize.The four boys, Homer being their leader, fight through accusations by the law and attempts to destroy their dreams. They ban together along with the help of their once doubting town, in particular Homer’s father, to bring home the first prize at the science fair and go on to change their stars. Throughout the movie you could see there was great tension between Homer and his father and I think it affects the relationships that he makes in the movie. At first we see Homer pining after one of the beautiful popular girls in his school but she is unattainable.Just like his father’s relationship, he can’t have the affection that he wants and because of this he overlooks the girl who it quiet but beautiful inside and out who is clearly in love with him. Once Homer figures out his place in the community and realizes he doesn’t need to wo rk hard for a love that’s not there he opens himself up to a real true love. I would characterize this as Erikson’s stage, intimacy versus isolation where young adults need to form intimate, loving relationships and failure leads to loneliness and isolation.Because he struck out with the popular girl he went into isolation and focused only on his rockets. We also see Homer in Erikson’s stage of identity versus role confusion, while he was figuring out what his heart wanted we also see him trying to figure himself out. In the beginning, Homer didn’t know who he was, or what his life path was going to be. He knew his father and the rest of the town had the idea that he would be a coal miner but he wasn’t so sure what life held for him.It wasn’t until his teacher encouraged him to push himself intellectually that he found his love for rocketry and science that he really began to find his identity. In the end when he becomes this town hero and w ins the science fair, his father shows up to his final rocket launch for the first time and we see Homer really feeling like he’s become his own man and he has that respect he’s always wanted from his father. I would also say that Homer exhibits two of the characteristics of adolescent egocentrism; he shows invincibility fable and personal fable.In the very beginning of the movie when Homer starts out testing his very first rockets they weren’t well made or accurate but he still went ahead and tested out his ideas without throwing any caution to the wind. His very first rocket blew up his mother’s fence but he still carried on making his ideas into a reality without testing them in a safe environment, the next rocket flew into the mining site and almost hit the workers. As Homer became more seasoned in his rocket making and more serious about his craft, he moved his test launches to an empty field which proved to be much safer for him and the community ar ound him.The other characteristic he exhibits is personal fable. He feels that his life is destined for something bigger than what has been set out for him. He believes there is something unique about himself that he needs to share with the world. While his father and everyone else, including his friends, look down on this idea of breaking out of the mold he still stuck with his idea of becoming something bigger and better. At the end of the story he does in fact become the town hero and his dreams of greatness come to fruition as he grows up.

Scarlett O’Hara

Scarlett O'Hara (full name Katie Scarlett Rollibard O'Hara Hamilton Kennedy Butler) is the protagonist in Margaret Mitchell's 1936 novel Gone with the Wind and in the later film of the same name. She also is the main character in the 1970 musical Scarlett and the 1991 book Scarlett, a sequel to Gone with the Wind that was written by Alexandra Ripley and adapted for a television mini-series in 1994. During early drafts of the original novel, Mitchell referred to her heroine as â€Å"Pansy†, and did not decide on the name â€Å"Scarlett† until just before the novel went to print. Scarlett O'Hara is not beautiful in a conventional sense, as indicated by Margaret Mitchell's opening line, but a charming Southern belle who grows up on a Clayton County, Georgia plantation named after Tara in the years before the American Civil War. Scarlett is described as being sixteen years old at the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861, which would put her approximate birth date in early 1845 [1]. She is the oldest of three daughters. Her two younger sisters are the lazy and whiny Susan Elinor (â€Å"Suellen†) and the gentle and kind Caroline Irene (â€Å"Carreen†). Her mother also gave birth to three younger sons, who were all named Gerald Jr. and died as infants. Selfish, shrewd and vain, Scarlett inherits the strong will of her Irish father Gerald O'Hara, but also desires to please her well-bred, gentle French American mother Ellen Robillard, from a good and well respected Savannah, Georgia family. Scarlett believes she's in love with Ashley Wilkes, her aristocratic neighbor, but when his engagement to meek and mild-mannered Melanie Hamilton is announced, she marries Melanie's brother, Charles Hamilton, out of spite. Her new husband dies early in the war of the pox, and Tara falls into the marauding hands of the Yankees. In the face of hardship, the spoiled Scarlett uncharacteristically shoulders the troubles of her family and friends, and eventually the not-so-grieving widow marries her sister's beau, Frank Kennedy, in order to get funds to pay the taxes on and save her family's beloved home. Her practical nature leads to a willingness to step on anyone who doesn't have her family's best interests at heart, including her own sister. One of the most richly developed female characters of the time on film and in literature, she repeatedly challenges the prescribed women's roles of her time. As a result, she becomes very disliked by the people of Atlanta, Georgia. Scarlett's ongoing internal conflict between her feelings for the Southern gentleman Ashley and her attraction to the sardonic, opportunistic Rhett Butler—who becomes her third husband—embodies the general position of The South in the Civil War era.

Safety in Industrial Cities from fire Research Paper

Safety in Industrial Cities from fire - Research Paper Example It is a sad reality that most of the materials used in residential and building establishments are actually potential fuels of fire. In addition, in industrial cities, the number of flammable materials increases and this happens not by chance. An industrial city has substantial number of business establishments which market or produce combustible materials, volatile products and many more. These materials are significant sources of fuel. Without taking those into considerations would potentially result to damage in the days to come. This is the reason why everyone needs to be well informed with the nature of fire. It is not just enough to understand the nature of fire. What an individual needs to understand is that in the advent of fire, there can be many things to be learned that will potentially eliminate the same occurrence in the days to come. This is the reason why there is an ongoing trend and even spiraling number of scientific studies related to fire. These studies are essent ial to be learned. However, some of these studies are getting complicated. What an individual primarily needs to understand about fire are the basic things about it. Knowing the basics is a requirement because it is through it that potential discoveries or ideas will be able to be learned about. The proponent of this report was able to consider different studies about fire and even the basic concepts about its production. In line with this, the proponent was able to make use of the information from the web, books and reliable journals from highly reliable sources or experts. The proponent tries to simplify the discussion about fire and only the basics about it are reliably considered due to the fact that this report is for the benefit of those who have no or little background about safety engineering. Furthermore, in line with this, the proponent highly considers fire as an important incident in industrial cities that needs to be critically understood from a scientific point of view in a simplest way. Among of the most cited information about this study considers some practical understanding about fire from the point of view of incidents experienced from the past. In line with this, the proponent strongly believes that more literature review should be included in cases when there is need to understand further fire as a significant issue occurring in industrial cities. This report is presented to everyone as an important guide for fire fighting activity and control. ABSTRACT The U.S. Fire Administration (2011) reported that in residential buildings, the most common cause of fire is electrical malfunction which is around 43 percent and 37 percent for electrical arcing as heat source and these are among of the leading causes of attic fires. According to the U.S. Fire Administration this further results to an estimated 30 deaths, 125 injuries and $477 million worth of damage properties from 2006 to 2008. The above report is just one of the most common cases of fir e in the United States and around the world. It also shows the destructive capacity of fire. However, this report does not only focus on fire in residential setting particularly in industrial cities but this substantially includes other related cases. This report is about the usual incidents about fire. Fire is one of the most common incidents in the United States that brings forward substantial level of destruction in industrial cities. Fire is not just an ordinary incident but this requires the

A Strategic Communication Campaign on Coca Cola Company 2012 Essay - 20

A Strategic Communication Campaign on Coca Cola Company 2012 - Essay Example The Coca cola Company is the world’s largest multinational beverage producer, distributor and retailer in non alcoholic drinks. It is the legal owner of syrup concentrate that is used for the production of over 500 drinks notwithstanding  Ã‚   the ownership of anchor bottler; the Coca – cola Refreshments. Being the world’s most valued brand, the Company’s mission is to ensure that the world is refreshed, inspired towards moments of optimism and happiness, and   making intention on   creating   more value and making a difference. As such, the Company vision entails making frameworks that guide their business towards sustainable growth. Thus, the company has ensured that their products come in varying shapes, sizes in reference to price tags (Thompson Para 2). In 2012, the Coca cola Company launched a Public Relations (PR) campaign that was aimed at making soda personal in New York City. The aggressive campaign emphasized on the fact that the accessibility and consumption of large soda was meant to be an issue pertaining to personal freedom. Additionally, the campaign argued that the legislation that had at the time banned the use of large sodas for individuals was only aimed at infringing the right to purchase the much in terms of quantity an individual would afford to buy, as well as, consume (Downs, 4) Essentially, the campaign was organized in response to claims that had been put forward by Mayor Bloomberg. In his argument, Bloomberg noted that the Coca cola Company was producing large quantities’ of sodas that posed numerous health risks to consumers and compelled them to use more money on sodas rather than spending the money on other important issues (Thompson Para 2). In this regard, the Coca cola Company reacted to the issue through the creation of a new group known as ‘New Yorkers For Beverage Choices’. The main function was to ensure that they would plead with most people who used the internet against giving consent to Mayor Bloomberg who was determined to ban drinks that exceeded 16 ounces (Thompson Para 3). As a matter of fact, the target audiences in this strategic campaign are potential consumers and potential competitors.

The prevention of perioperative infection in elderly patients Essay

The prevention of perioperative infection in elderly patients - Essay Example 27). The United States reports perioperative infection caused deaths at 97,000 per year (Schneider, 2006). The Institute of Medicine qualified those results further, estimating that between 44,000 and 98,000 of those reported deaths occurred as a direct result of medical errors (Watson, 2006, p. 22). Even in England, amidst our own medical facilities where our own health care professionals practise stringent infection control, these preventable infections occur far too often. Recently, Britain's most senior doctor, Sir Liam Donaldson, reported death risk due to medical error at 1 in 300 (Hall). This includes patients having contracted infections within the hospital settings. "Between 5% and 10% of patients admitted to modern hospitals in the developed world acquire one or more infections, with at least 5,000 deaths directly attributed to healthcare-acquired infections in England each year" (Hall, 2006). Older people are a specific demographic at risk for perioperative infections due to their higher incidence of diabetes and hypertension, and their immunological systems particularly susceptible to the adverse affects of prolonged smoking and obesity. While caring for elderly patients and assessing their likelihood at incurring surgery-related infections, there are a number of risk factors that should be assessed. Infection control entails hospital procedures both prior to surgery and utilisation of infection control programmes throughout surgery. There are also specific practises for complex procedures maintained in orthopaedics and cardiothoracic surgeries by Multi Disciplinary Teams. All hospital personnel must take care to follow infection control procedures and be aware of avenues and risk factors for infections, in order that older patients are cared for effectively and their infections prevented. Risk factors in older people Older people are more at risk from infection during hospitalisation due to their oftentimes immunological compromised status. Immunological debility in elderly patients arises in a variety of settings for multiple reasons. It has been shown that arriving to surgery from elderly health-care facilities is a significant indicator of perioperative and postoperative infection (Lee, 2006). This is logical due to the very fact that health-care facilities house the most compromised patients in the older persons demographic. To explain this further, it is certain that patients with diabetes, overweight patients, and obese patients have an increased risk of infection (Preventing, 2006). Likewise, poor nutrition and lack of activity cause patients to be immunocompromised. But it is not only older patients in health care facilities that warrant attention from the health industry. Studies show than anyone above 60 year of age may be at a higher risk of perioperative infection (Pugliese, 2005). The National Confidential Enquiry into Perioperative Deaths (NCEPOD) maintains a practise of reviewing data reported on specific demographic groups each year. The NCEPOD's work is the collection of information on patients who die within 30 days of a surgical procedure (Kmietowicz, 1999, p. 1324). Due to the seemingly unnecessary incidence of death among the aging demographic, the 1999 report specified more care for the elderly. This prudent step seems

E-marketing plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

E-marketing plan - Assignment Example The artists have acquired more power as they have even started selling their music without the recording company. (Porter’s Five Forces- Strategic Management) Building a successful profession requires network, money and resources. Money is required to invest into finance marketing and music videos. Network is also very essential in order to sell products, markets and advertisements. Contacts and networking are required at venues and concerts everywhere the artists perform. It is very difficult to be successful and receive sufficient market share especially for a new player. With the help of the internet, people have more contacts, networks and it has become easier to sell music online. (Porter’s Five Forces- Strategic Management) Until some years back, there threat of substitutes was very low as the music was available in only one common channel. But in the recent past, there have been numerous cases of piracy which is becoming a major threat to the music industry and the recording company. (Porter’s Five Forces- Strategic Management) The format by which music is made available, the channel and the source of the music are predetermined. There are no alternate sources available for the buyers to buy the music other than purchasing them at stores. But in the recent past, there have been several cases of music privacy which provides buyers to acquire the music through other channels paying very minimal amounts o nothing at all. Information regarding the artists, purchasing of song directly from iTunes can be made directly. The song video can also be viewed from YouTube. Online downloading of music has also been a major set back for the recording companies. Consumers now can download music for free with good quality instead of paying for the CD. This means that the recording companies need to reduce their prices and have different channels for promotion, advertising and sales. (Porter’s Five Forces- Strategic Management) The

Suppliers Relationship at Pfizer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Suppliers Relationship at Pfizer - Essay Example As of 3rd quarter of 2010, the company reported its total revenue of $16.2 billion despite the economic recession in some parts of the world (Pfizer, 2010 c). This figure is 39% more than the total revenue of Pfizer during the 3rd quarter of 2009. (See Table I – Comparison between Pfizer’s 3rd Quarter Revenue between 2009 and 2010 below) In the past, majority of the purchasers are searching for a wide-range of sources of raw materials provided that the supplier can offer the company the lowest market price for the same product (Gadde and Hakansson 1993, pp. 165 – 166). Today, purchasers are after the need to develop a long-term collaborative relationship with its suppliers in order to avail cheaper high quality raw materials (Chobra and Meindl 2001; Araujo, Dubois and Gadde 1999; Bensaou 1999). In relation to the business growth of Pfizer, this report wide-range of will discuss about the importance and ways on how to properly manage the supply side of raw materia ls by establishing a good relationship with its suppliers. Aside from discussing the different degrees of involvement in which Pfizer can establish good relationship with its suppliers, this report will discuss some strategies that will enable Pfizer maintain a strong and long lasting relationship with its accredited suppliers. Supplier relationship management has been a common practice in supply chain management of multinational companies like Pfizer. As explained by Wisner, Tan and Leong (2009, p. 95).

Sexual Abuse Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sexual Abuse - Article Example There are many signs that can point towards a child being sexually abused. A common sign is when a child has a difficult time walking. In addition, the child might refuse to socialize or engage in any physical activity. Furthermore, if the child experiences nightmares and experiences a rapid decrease in appetite. All these factors are well indicators that the child is or is continuing to experience traumatic sexual abuse. One of the most shocking aspects of sexual abuse is that they have been a commonality in religious atmosphere. This startling reality can be seen in the Vatican Church, which has been criticized for covering up the issue. Unfortunately, many priests have been not only accused but have engaged in sexual abuse, which is damaging to the Church, society, and alarms parents. The Vatican Church is shocked at this fact and has started an investigation that will hold the priests accountable for their shameful act. Reverend Federico Lombardi, the head spokesman of the Church, firmly states the Church will approach the issue with â€Å"rigor and transparency.† However, these assurances have not been adequate as more victims are getting the courage to speak out against the priests. The Church must hold the priests responsible for these heinous acts, but the rules do not implement any of the â€Å"lip service† that Reverend insisted on. For example, the rules of the Church lack st ature, as they do not make it obligatory for these crimes to be reported to officials even though the local law is clear and concise. Catholics globally are shocked at the fact that women are included in the list of grave acts. In addition, they were intrigued that the church believed pedophiles were the same as those who left the church or were heretics. Yet that was not the case as many priests accused, were still part of the church. This frustration of Catholics can be perfectly illustrated in this statement as Chritian Weisnar, one of the key members states, â€Å"It

Parole Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Parole - Essay Example However, there has been a consensus among the players within the criminal justice system that incarceration is not the most appropriate measure to all offenders. It is in the light of this consensus that parole and probation systems were developed in order to provide alternative and appropriate ways of addressing specific types of offenders (Welsh and Harris, 2008). These systems have had remarkable impacts within the criminal justice system; but they have also had some shortcomings as well. Particularly, parole has been regarded as an early release option that puts the public at unnecessary risk. On the other hand, there are those who argue that it allows the re-integration of offenders into the community and provides better prospects for rehabilitation (Broadhurst, 2001). This paper will seek to understand the parole system by discussing its pros and cons. In addition, it will discuss whether parole is currently over-utilized or under-utilized in Australia, or whether proper balanc e has been struck. Yoshimura (2000) defines parole as a process that involves conditionally releasing an offender from prison so that he or she can serve the remaining sentence in the community according to the sentences terms that the court would impose. Often, offenders released under parole serve the remaining sentence in the community under community corrections officer supervision. Parole is considered as a conditional release from the prison because the release of the offenders is based on certain conditions such as prisoners agreeing to obey specific restrictions imposed by the court. It should be noted that the parole release decisions basis vary across jurisdiction and time (Proctor, 1999). For example, parole can be offered as an entitlement to offenders after they have served a specified minimum imprisonment term. Similarly, parole can be used as a reward for offender’s good behavior. Nonetheless, the bottom line is that granting of release on parole is based on

Cockpit display visual Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cockpit display visual - Research Paper Example The cockpit will inform them the positions to be in order to avoid any encounter (Weber, 2011). However, proper information has to be fed to the pilots for them to make accurate decisions. Cockpit visual display systems rely solely on highly reliable and accurate mathematical algorithms that correctly tell the cockpit the right air path that the pilot should maintain in order to avoid collisions. Despite the many lives that the cockpit has already and is still saving, the problem lies with the vision of the pilots. Does the lighting system of the cockpit affect the eyes of the pilots? The human visual sense has so many limitations that make it had to adapt to the complex environment in the air. The three dimensional movements and high speeds present in the air are too demanding for the human eye. Furthermore, the human vision is prone to illusions especially at night or when there is poor lighting. Since the human eyes cannot be relied upon to safely navigate through the air, the best substitute is automatically the cockpit. However, the cockpit system should not be a hazard to the pilots because as the eyes’ performance keeps waning, the higher the risks of accidents occurring (Aviationknowledge, 2012). The human eye has two color receptors: Rods and Cones. The cones are found at the center of the Retina while the rods are found at the periphery of the retina. Cones are responsible for photopic vision used when there is light while Rods are responsible for Scotopic vision used in darkness or when there is poor illumination. During the post World War II era, all aircrafts utilized the red light for the cockpit lighting since it did not degrade adaption of the eye to darkness (American Optometric Association, 2011). Nowadays, cockpits are made up of white light that is poor at preserving visual sensitivity for viewing. White light cockpits are being used today because they do not distort the true color of objects. Furthermore, red lighting

Breakdown the misconception of toys Essay Example for Free

Breakdown the misconception of toys Essay Is toy world totally belongs to boy and girl world? Adults probably have their own toys but they are just borrowing from the world which is not belongs to them. The only connoisseurs of toy are children? Toys is any object that can be use to play. And it is majority associated with kids. Toys play a very important role in our growing stage and it related to everyones childhood memories. However when we grow up, we have to draw a line towards toys, because toy represent childish inside the world of an adult. We shouldnt let peoples point of views stopping us from playing toys. Whatever age we are, inside our heart toys will always be a part of us. According to the book written by Woodrow Phoenix (2006), â€Å"the power of toys is not about a return or a childish behaviour. It is the recognition of possibility.† Toys are not childish, toys are symbols that have a metaphorical power to express thoughts and emotions that may have their origins in childhood. We can know parts of ourselves, our secret, our wish, our desire in toys world. A toy can touch our inner part, which is our unexpressed and dreaming self. Toy assimilates and act out secrets, wishes, and desires, it becomes an extremely important part of the owner, toy holds of a relation with owner and gives an extraordinary personal experience to the owner. Toy has built a memory palace in our heart. We can see this clearly in the attachment of people with their toys. As companions on the emotional voyage from childhood to adulthood, toys have for their owner an emotional value that is far greater than anything. This prove that toys hold a very important place in everyone childhood, therefore we should breakdown the misconceptions about toys, and let our inner child run wild again.

Contemporary Perspectives Of Family In Society Sociology Essay

Contemporary Perspectives Of Family In Society Sociology Essay DEFINING THE FAMILY: A family is a social unit made up of father, mother brothers and sisters. All these members play a very important role while living together, sharing problems with one another at the time of help. Love is the most important element in a family among these members without love and happiness these pillars of family has not the ability to stay longer and be with one another for a longer period of time. THE CENTRAL POSITION OF THE FAMILY IN SOCIETY: In order for the family to meet a childs psychological needs, its members must be nurturing, convey mutual respect, provide for intimacy, and engage in bonding and attachment. The family also socializes the child, guiding the child to be members of the society beyond the family. The family conveys religious and cultural beliefs and traditions to the next generation. The family is the childs source of economic resources, which meet the childs various physical needs for food, shelter, and clothing. Then, too, the family sees to it that the child receives health and dental care. The family also teaches morals and values to a child. WHY THE FAMILY IS THEORETICALLY SIGNIFICANT: Family is the most important unit of society and plays an essential role in fulfilling the emotional and physical needs of individuals, which is required for achieving economic and social development. But for a family to succeed it doesnt necessarily need to be a nuclear family, it needs support in caring for its family. If a society is at war, is suffering severe weather such as droughts, is made up of people living primarily in poverty, is a society with a high illiteracy rate, or is experiencing overwhelming negative health conditions such as AIDS, of course any family will be negatively affected. MEDIA ARTICLE 1: Work, Family, and Religion in Contemporary Society. By: Nason-Clark, Nancy Publication: Sociology of Religion Date: Sunday, September 22 1996 In the opening essay to Work, family, and religion in contemporary society, authors Ammerman and Roof claim that the days when business could ignore families and churches could take them for granted are over. Each of the contributors to this volume grapple with some facet of the dilemma facing Religion and religious organizations as they attempt to minister effectively to diversified and changing family forms. The book is organized into two sections: assessing the links among religion, family, and work, and exploring emerging patterns for responding to the contemporary needs of individuals and family units. Essays by Penny Long Marler, and Wade Clark Roof and Lyn Gesch, examine the link between traditional family forms and religious institutions. Marler demonstrates how mainline churches have been able to keep their market share of both husband-wife-plus-children families and the elderly, but have lost ground with younger singles and those in nontraditional households. Interestingly, she examines the process by which church programs for children and the youth are staffed and supported by older church members who remember with fondness their own participation in the life of the church as a family unit. Roof and Gesch note that attitudes in support of families participating in religion together occur most strongly amongst those who have the traditional family structure to match. Several essays examine the relationships among religion, gender, and paid employment: both Lyn Gesch and Charles Hall explore the inter- and intra-personal dynamics impacting upon womens employment status. Each of these chapters draws attention to the importance of gender images and gender expectation as women determine their role in the modern world. Using NORC data from 1972-1990, Bradley Hertel offers a detailed examination of religiosity and labor force participation among men and women. He concludes that by far the most significant challenge to organized religion lies in the work-related declines in membership and attendance attributable to the full-time employment of married women. Part Il of this collection invites the reader to consider some of the implications of changing family constellations for religious groups. Chapters by Don Browning and Joseph Reiff consider the more particular religious or ethical ramifications of the trends documented in the earlier data-based chapters. In an especially insightful essay by Cheryl Townsend Gilkes, the relationship between church and family is examined within the African-American experience. Claiming that it is possible to interpret the history of the African-American experience as a succession of dislocations affecting the relationship between work and family, she argues that it is in the construction of alternatives for survival and growth that the current mission of black churches is best understood. Choosing innovation at the personal level can involve substantial cost, but it also offers opportunities for immense rewards. Mary Johnson details the difficult choices some defense workers face as they struggle to reconcile their work experiences with their faith perspectives, and eventually decide role-exit is their option of choice. On the other hand, William and Sylvia Johnson Everett explore patterns of work and family among couples who decide to merge their familial and employment lives and work together. Small groups, or the home cell ministry, are an innovation that Stuart Wright believes has the potential to bring vitality and renewal to both mainstream and conservative churches alike. Bill DAntonio traces the growth and development of Intentional Eucharistic Communities (IECs) that have emerged within and kept rather close links with the Roman Catholic tradition while Mary Jo Neitz looks at the construction of womens rituals within Limina, a group loosely linked with Roman Catholic women, but clearly outside the boundaries of mainstream Catholicism. This collection of essays has something to offer just about any scholar interested in the issues raised by work, family, and religion in modern society. For the empirically sophisticated, there are chapters that tease apart the nuances of religious participation, employment status, gender, and parenthood. For those preferring narratives of the linkages between work and family, or case studies documenting the choices ordinary men and women make, there are several rich accounts of the process by which ones religious ideology intertwines with ones familial and work settings. Moreover, other chapters offer a more passioned plea for a return to the strong bond between family and faith. Without a religious institutions have been called upon to respond to the changes impacting families across the nation. The editors have pulled together a wide array of scholars to document the dilemmas facing churches and families of faith as we move towards the 21st century. For the most part, the chapters are clear and concise and though there is some unevenness in quality and scope, readers will not be disappointed. There is much in this volume to satisfy both the seasoned scholar and the undergraduate student. CRITICAL ANALYSIS: The concept of work family and religion is linked with one another in a sense that a person work for his/her life to live, move in society to improve his/her life style in life only because of work, a person can earn can live a better life of his/her own choice in society. In case of family it also plays a very important role in society because a person in this world wishes to succeed his/her family in society to get fame in society. Means that both work and family have very close relationship with one another. In case of religion, it has a much broader view from each person or family point of perspective because every one wants to give importance to God to prayers or to church to get through the line of success in life. Letà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s take the example of a Muslim point of view about their religion Islam. They have a strong belief that asking from God by fulfilling the needs of prayers in order to get success in life because they believed that God come first then the idea of work and family all these things are based on God, if God will be happy we can easily achieve all these things in life. Same is the case with Christianity and Christianà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s point of view about Jesus that by going to the church regularly saying their prayers share the good and bad things such as ideas/sins with a priest in order to change their bad deeds into good ones they have to ask from Jesus in order to get success. I am not referring towards the idea that hard working is not important and justly saying prayers either in the mosques or in the church for earning or success in life for all there things it is necessary to have some ability to be educated and work hard in life not just by wasting their time in rubbish things. So here in the idea to be educated a baby is not born with idea of education from his/her childhood he/she learn a lot from society people in their surroundings from parents so his/ her foundation is based on family and that family is then linked up with society. The media raised the above specified issue in article 1, because they actually want to show a comparison of the importance of work, religion and family in the past and in the present. In the past people used to gave a lot of importance to work, daily business in their lives, religion i.e. the role played by religion in the lives of people but in all this process they ignored the importance of family that why family is important , or why it is important to give more importance to family in life. But now according to the present time churches want to gave more importance to family as well as work and religion because according to their point of views family is also very important because the preaching of religion and churches are only for society, and what constitutes a society the people who are living in that society , the role played by families in a society and in families the role played by elders, so according to some churches that it is important to give more importance to the r ole played by elders in a society because they fulfill all the criteriaà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s of family in life, but this view is contradicted by some churches that it is important that elders play a very important role in a family but along with elders the younger ones i.e. the siblings in a family means that the young minds in a family are also of great importance because the whole generation depends on the young minds in a family so if the young minds will not be fresh and have the complete opportunities in life for the exploration of new ideas and concepts then in that case such type of family will not be considered as the good family in society. MEDIA ARTICLE 2: Address (URL): http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/e-access/document.php?save=1HYPERLINK http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/e-access/document.php?save=1eid=52052HYPERLINK http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/e-access/document.php?save=1eid=52052eid=52052 CRITICAL ANALYSIS: In the past aboriginal family life style was very simple. They gave more importance to family. In their families they have father, mother brother and sister. They were all linked with one another because of love. They have great sympathy and heart full of emotions for one another. They were badly discriminated by the white people, because of their dark skin they were not respected in a society among the white people. The white people were used to rape their woman their woman was not respected like the white people woman. When the children were born they were brutally snatched from their parents. Children were also not comfortable in the field of education. They were not provided as much educational facilities like the white people. They were not provided of basic things in life like the white people. When ever a baby was born in their families not of dark skin so they were snatched by the white people so before they were carried away by them their families used to hide them from their cruel hands. This is true that the dark skin people have strong family views. They have their own family values, rules and regulation for spending their lives, but their ideas were not fully developed about the idea of success in life. They were not completely aware about the true meaning of life that to work hard in order to improve their standard of living in life. They used to live in caves and like to prefer the forests for their places of living. When the white people came at that time they have not strong and clear views about the idea of family, they were completely unaware of this thing the used to live together without getting married having children without any sort of strong relationship. They were more concerned with the idea of drugs and alcohol as compared to dark people, who in the beginning were completely unaware of using drugs in their lives. The white people induce this habit in them. This article is written to highlight the positive aspects of aboriginal families, that the concept of family is very strong among them in a sense that they give more importance to the members in their families such as more respect to their elders, respect their decisions, great love for their younger ones. According to this article the writer trying to convince that it is true that there are some negative aspects among the family lives of aboriginal people but along with some negative aspects they have some positive aspects too. For fulfilling the needs of negative aspects of aboriginal families government has to play a very important role such that the school curriculum must be designed in a way that children from aboriginal families must also take some advantage in the field of education because the community must be best identified through the importance of education in that particular community that either the ratio of people regarding education is raising in that particular community or not and if raised then get to know that up to which extent it has been raised. Through this process aboriginal families can be considered as the respectable families in society as compared to other communities. REFRENCES: Clark, Nason. Nancy. (1996). Work, Family, and Religion in Contemporary Society. Sociology of Religion Walker, Y. (1993). Aboriginal family issues. Family Matters, 35, 51-53. Skolnick, Arlene S., Skolnick, Jerome H. (2009). Family in Transition. New York: Pearson Education

Factors influencing TESCOs decision to invest in Malaysia

Factors influencing TESCOs decision to invest in Malaysia For any company to enter into the international market for the first time, a proper research and analysis regarding the challenges and current marketing conditions prevailing in the targeted country must be undertaken. The project has been undertaken to analyse, understand and highlight the major challenges that TESCO can face while entering into Malaysia for the first time. The report focuses on the Political and Legal, Economical, Socio cultural Technological and environmental challenges that may create a difficulties for TESCO to start its business in Malaysia. Introduction to TESCO Tesco PLC is a UK based supermarket chain. It is the largest British retailer, both by global sales and domestic market share, and the fourth largest retailer in the world behind Wal-Mart of the USA, Carrefour of France, and The Home Depot of the USA. Tesco has a long term strategy for growth, based on four key parts: growth in the Core UK business, expand by growing internationally, be as strong in non-food as in food and to follow customers into new retailing services. Environmental Analysis of Malaysia Political Legal Environment Rising Political instability Data In recent months, The political ruling party Barisan Nasional is facing the problem of fall in its strength in ruling the country. The opposition Party Pakatan Rakyat power influence on the Malaysians is increasing which has resulted into possibilities of undertaking of elections in the coming months. Analysis It is predicted that the opposition party may emerge as victorious which lead to increased political uncertainty lower economic growth for 1-2 years. Sales may slow down in the initial years which may be due to increased political uncertainty and disturbance on spending of public during the handover process. The handover process is generally a time consuming lengthy process. it may result into impaired business for the company. lower economic growth in the beginning years may affect the purchasing power of consumers. The company may have to reduce its cost to overcome lower sales in initial years. TESCO may have to reduce its cost on marketing and advertising . The consumers may prefer price and value over quality brand. Political war between the two parties may also result in the outcome of riots which may also result into physical damage of Tescos Property and buildings. Challenge Slow economic growth at the time of change in government which may lead to slow business in the beginning of setting its business in Malaysia. The consumers may prefer price over quality. TESCO may need to have strong control over its expenses. Riots may cause physical damage to TESCOs property if the Political war emerges. Restrictions on Press Advertising Data The Malaysian Government has a very tight control on media like TV, radio, newspapers, outdoor advertising etc for broadcasting of commercials and advertisements. The advertising code code of ethics are to be followed by all the companies business in Malaysia. Analysis The government has kept ban on advertisement of products like alcohol, pork, products with unacceptable images etc. Also, advertisement related to exposure of body parts anti social content like foul language, uncompetitive practices, religious comparisons etc are strictly prohibited. The advertisement must be shot in Malaysia with Malaysian models in the advertisements. No international models from other countries are allowed. Also, the musicals of the ad must be done in Malaysia. Advertisements related to food drink products must highlight the importance necessity of balanced diet to the viewers. Powerful emphasis on the speciality lifestyle of the country of origin of an imported product is not allowed in the advertisements. Challenges TESCO will have to change its marketing and advertising strategy in Malaysia. The government control on advertising media may disallow advertisement commercials of many products of TESCO UK. The company may also have to undergo the process of repackaging re labeling on their products. TESCO will have to create new ideas to advertise its product which could be expensive and time consuming. Focus on many cultural groups Data Malay, Chinese Indian community are the 3 major cultural groups in Malaysia. Chinese Indian community are the minority communities in the country. The recent attacks against the Christian church has created political instability social unrest among the people. Analysis The wealth gap between less richer Malays very rich Chinese and Indian ethinic group in Malaysia has always been a point of concern in Malaysian politics. There has been many issues regarding this issue in the past which created a tension in the Malaysian political environment. But currently, the government is taking efficient measures to reduce the tension between the cultural groups. Christianity is also a minority religion in Malaysia on which government has to keep its attention. However, in the beginning of 2010, there were a series of attacks against Christian church because of some high court decisions. All these factors may lead to political instability in the near future. Political instability may result into the change in government. Christianity is the major religion in UK. Malaysians may tend to emotionally link the products of TESCO with Christianity as TESCO is a UK based company. This may initially led to the unacceptance of the products by Malaysians due current social unrest which may affect the sales and brand image of TESCO in Malaysian market. This may also affect the marketing and advertising strategy of TESCO. The company may have to frequently and carefully advertise its product to the consumers to change their perception about the link between Christianity and the Companys product offering. This may result into heavy expenditures resulting into the rise in cost of the company. Challenges Recent attack on churches may create the perception of link between UK TESCO products and Christianity religion which may affect the sales of TESCO. TESCO will need to advertise more frequently to change the consumers perception about the Christian religion and the local products it sells to Malaysians. Impact of terrorism Data Analysis Rising tension between Malay, Chinese Indian cultural groups in Malaysia in last few years have created a threat of internal terrorism in Malaysia. The war between the ethnic Chinese terrorists Malaysian government came to end after 42 years. However, in the beginning of 2010, there were a series of attacks against Christian church because the court said that the Christians can refer GOD as ALLAH. Challenge Sales may become difficult due to religious unrest. TESCO many have to opt for an option of Public relations on a regular basis which may increase the expenses of the company. Economical Environment Low Purchasing Power Data The GDP per capita income of Malaysia and UK for 2008 was $14,215 $35,468 respectively. Malaysia can be classified as the country of people having upper middle income level whereas UK population can be classified under high income level. Analysis The purchasing power of UK is more the purchasing power of Malaysia. It clearly reflects that the disposable income of Malaysia is comparative low to that of Uk. The per capita income disposable income of Britishers is very high thereby increasing their purchasing power. Due to high purchasing power, normally people in UK prefer brands and are brand loyal are willing to spend extra on the products. The per capita income of Malaysians is comparatively very low to that compared with Britishers. Lesser income signifies that the disposable income will be lower thereby reducing purchasing power. This will directly result in the emergence of price sensitive market condition in Malaysia where brand loyalty could be given less priority by Malaysians. Lower per capita income of Malaysians will result into low purchasing power making Malaysia a price sensitive market where buyers may be ready to buy any product with less or no brand importance. So the company sales might get affected due to this. TESCO may have to change its products, lower the quality lower the price so that the products can be produced cost effectively consumers can afford to buy. TESCO may have to start its own manufacturing unit along with its own new supply chain management and search for local suppliers in Malaysia who can provide products of good quality at a lower price. This may help in producing products at lower cost which the Malaysians can intend to buy. TESCO will have to search the place to set up their business to get proximity to the market which may help in lowering the distribution cost of its product. Challenges Lower consumer income will affect sales of the company. Uk products have high quality with high price. The company may have to rechange its quality of the products as per the price. TESCO will have to start its new supply chain management distribution system to make the local products for cost efficiency. TESCO will need to find their place of setting business where Distribution cost is very low. The company will have to look for local supply chain who can meet all above requirements. Foreign Currency Fluctuation Risk Data The foreign exchange of 1GBP to 1Malaysian Ringett in recent months has fallen from 5.8RM to 4.7RM. The interest rate of Malaysia UK in the beginning of the year 2010 were 2.25% 0.5% respectively. Analysis The key factor for fluctuations in currency exchange rates is the interest rate in different countries. Malaysia offers significantly higher interest rates than UK. Then investors will want to put money into Malaysia, thus increasing demand for the currency. The increase in currency demand may result into lowering value of Pound thus creating Foreign currency fluctuation risk.Exchange Rates are very important for any country as they determine the level of imports and exports. Challenge Importing products may become a costly option due to fluctuation in currency risk. The company may have to look for local suppliers and also may have to start new supply chain management to reduce the cost. Unemployment Level Data The recent Global financial crisis is still having a major impact on employment level in all the countries of the world. The unemployment rate in UK has reached to 8% in march 2010. The unemployment rate has increased from 3.2% in 2007 and has reached to 3.7% in march 2010. Analysis Increase in unemployment of Skilled, Semiskilled Labourers has been a major concern for Malaysian government in last few years. The Malaysian Government may put some employment restrictions on all the Multinational companies in Malaysia to hire the local Malaysians for employment. The restrictions may include more hiring of Malaysians in comparison to foreign employees irrelevant of their level of skills. Even though the higher unemployment in their home country, TESCO may undergo the pressure of hiring more Malaysians in comparison of foreign employees and provide training to them to meet the required skills for employment which may increase the overall expenses of the company. Also, employing foreign workers in Malaysia will be an expensive cost incurring idea thus increasing the operational cost of the firm affecting the product pricing. Challenge Employing foreign talent may not be possible to run the business. Providing training for Local staff would be expensive and time consuming process. Creating new supply chain management Data Low purchasing power of Malaysians, high foreign currency fluctuation and price sensitive market in the country are becoming major factors for the companies to reduce their prices of the product. Analysis Low Purchasing power of Malaysians in comparison with those of UK will create a price sensitiveness in the country where people may prefer Price over quality. Foreign currency fluctuation between Malaysian Ringett and UK Pound has been unstable in recent times. In importing goods, TESCO may end up in paying more than their usual price thus increasing the overall cost of the product. TESCO will have to reduce the price to meet the market price with its competitors product. The company will have to look for new supply chain management along with new suppliers who can provide the required quality at lesser price to meet the comsumers expectation. Setting up the new supply chain along with new local suppliers will be a big challenge as TESCO is an International Company. Challenges Importing goods from UK will be expensive for TESCO. Tesco may have to compromise on the quality of the product in case of price sensitive market. TESCO will have to set up new supply chain management along with new local suppliers to meet both the price and quality requirement of the consumers. Socio Cultural Environment Labeling Packaging Requirements Data Analysis The Malaysian government is very strict about the labeling language used on the products sold in the country. The language on all the products saleable, whether local or imported, must be written in Bahasa Malaysia or English. And in case of imported goods, the language used in either case may also include translation in any other languages. Since the Government rules regulations is very strict in Malaysia, TESCO would have to Change its labeling repack the products with descriptions in both English bahasa Malaysia Language. Also, the company will have to give more information on the product about its HALAL Certification, ingredients, Date marking, Nutrition Labeling etc. The company will have to change its packaging strategy for its products due to hot humid climatic conditions prevailing in Malaysia This will increase the cost of packaging labeling of all the products to be sold. So to gain economies of scale, TESCO may have to increase its sales volume to cover up the cost of change in labeling packaging. Challenge Relabeling and repackaging the products due to language barrier will be costly and time consuming. TESCO may have to keep on advertising its product on a regular basis to overcome the language barrier. Halal certification Data Analysis The concept of Halal on food non food category of product consumption is a vital issue in any muslim country. Islam is the official religion followed in Malaysia. The religion of Islam demands that the product to be consumed must be HALAL. In Malaysia, The Muslim consumers look for the HALAL certification on the products which is issue by Malaysias Department Of Islamic Development (JAKIM). In recent years, the Muslim consumers in Malaysia are faced with broad selection of products services which are either locally named or are international products certified as HALAL. The Competition is intense in the Malaysian market where local retailers have an upper hand for the sale of products by projecting their products as Islamic brands with the help of creative packaging labeling on their products. TESCO will have to certify HALAL certification on all it products will have to show the logo on each HALAL certified product. This will result into rising of its operating cost. Also, The HALAL certificate is valid for only 1year. So, the company may have to incur these cost every year. Challenge Certification of Halal on all products is costly and time consuming. The validity of certification is very less which results into occurrence of repetitive expenses every year. Advertising, packaging and labeling strategy would change which may increase the cost of the firm. Intense competition from local retailers will be a challenge. Technological Environmental Factors Accessibility Updation of Information Data and Analysis The percentage of urban population to total population in the year 2008 was 70.4%. Most of the hypermarkets are located in the urban areas. Rural consumers may have little access to either buy the product online or going to the nearest hypermarket in their area. So, setting the business in urban market will be a challenge to TESCO to meet capture the market share the requirements of both rural urban population. In recent years, in Malaysia, Online purchasing has become an easy, time, cost energy saving way to buy the products. This method is more followed by the urban consumers to book an order. So, TESCO will have to keep a regular update on timely basis about the availability of its products on its online purchasing website for its consumers. Challenge Target market may get narrow down due to low internet access in rural areas. Starting a business in rural area may increase the transportation cost to the urban consumers. Regular update on timely basis about the availability of its products on its online purchasing website for its consumers will be a challenge. Impact of global warming, deforestation environmental factors Data Analysis Water air pollution, impact of global warming has affected the health of the people in Malaysia. Deforestation due to regional development is also another factor affecting the country. The Malaysian government is now becoming very strict for control over these environmental problems. Any business, whether local or multinational business, has to comply with all the set of rules and regulations related to the environmental issues laid by the Malaysian government. Government may also disallow the companies in setting up of warehouses in the certain selected parts of the country. TESCO, being an multinational brand, will have to follow the strict prescribed rules laid by the Malaysian Government and may have to submit regular reports to the government regularly regarding the working of the company. Challenge Setting up of warehouses near TESCOs hypermart can be a big challenge. Transportation cost may get increased due to problem in selecting area for warehouses. Restriction on certain products can affect the business of TESCO.