Moral Majority - Evangelical Conservative Movement

The Moral Majority was powerful movement in American politics made up of evangelical Christian conservatives who felt their families and values were under attack amid the legalization of abortion, womens liberation and what they perceived to be the moral decline of society during the turbulent 1960s. The Moral Majority was founded in 1979 by the Rev. Jerry Falwell, who would become a polarizing figure himself in the decades that followed.   Falwell described the Moral Majoritys mission as being the agent to train, mobilize and electrify the Religious Right.  In a speech at his own Baptist Church in  Lynchburg, Virginia, in 1980, Falwell described the Moral Majoritys enemy: We’re fighting a holy war. What’s happened to America is that the wicked are bearing rule. We have to lead the nation back to the moral stance that made America great. We need to wield influence on those who govern us. The Moral Majority does not exist as an institution anymore, but the movement of evangelical conservatives remains strong in American politics. The Moral Majority dissolved as an institution in 1989 when Falwell proclaimed our mission is accomplished. Falwell had resigned as the groups president two years earlier, in 1987. Falwell said in announcing the disbanding of the Moral Majority in 1989: I feel that I have performed the task to which I was called in 1979. The religious right is solidly in place and, like the galvanizing of the black church as a political force a generation ago, the religious conservatives in America are now in for the duration. Indeed, several other groups remain influential in carrying on the mission of evangelical conservatives. They include Focus on the Family, run by  psychologist James Dobson; the Family Research Council, run by Tony Perkins; the Christian Coalition of American, run by Pat Roberson; and the  Faith and Freedom Coalition, run by Ralph Reed. Public opinion has shifted on many of the issues that drove the formation of these groups following the 1960s. Policy Goals of the Moral Majority The Moral Majority sought to gain influence in national politics so that it could work to: Prohibit abortion and overturn Roe v. Wade.Require prayer in public schools.Oppose and ban gay marriage.Defeat the  Equal Rights Amendment, which guaranteed women the same rights as men.A return to traditional gender roles in American households. Falwells Family Manifesto declared the role of the male is most effectively that of provider and the role of the female one of nurturer. Bio of Moral Majority Founder Jerry Falwell Falwell was a Southern Baptist minister who rose to prominence as the founder of Lynchburg Baptist College in Lynchburg, Virginia. The institution later changed its name to Liberty University. He was also the host of the  Old Time Gospel Hour,  a television show that was broadcast across the United States. He founded the Moral Majority in 1979 to combat what he saw as the erosion of culture. He resigned in 1987 amid the groups sagging finances and poor election results in the 1986 midterm elections.  Falwell said at the time he was returning to his  first love, the pulpit. Back to preaching, back to winning souls, back to meeting spiritual needs, he said.   Falwell died in May 2007 at the age of 73. History of the Moral Majority The Moral Majority had its roots in the New Right movement of the 1960s. The New Right, eager to boost its ranks and hungry for a major election victory following Republican Barry Goldwaters loss in 1964, sought to bring evangelicals into its ranks and encouraged Falwell to launch the Moral Majority, according to Dan Gilgoff, the author of the 2007 book  The Jesus Machine: How James Dobson, Focus on the Family, and Evangelical America are Winning the Culture War.   Wrote Gilgoff: Through Moral Majority, Falwell focused his activism on evangelical pastors, telling them that issues like abortion rights and gay rights required them to cast off their decades-long political inhibitions and to stop viewing politics as a dirty business unfit for church people. In the early 1980s, Falwell barnstormed the country, speaking to countless congregations and pastors breakfasts and logging 250,000 miles a year on a chartered plane. Falwells activism seemed to pay off early. While white evangelicals had backed Jimmy Carter - a Southern Baptist whod taught Sunday school in Georgia - in 1976, they broke 2 to 1 for Ronald Reagan in 1980, providing a major plank of support and establishing themselves as a lasting base of Republican support. The Moral Majority claimed some four million Americans were members, but critics argue the number was substantially smaller, only in the hundreds of thousands. The Decline of the Moral Majority Some conservative firebrands including Goldwater openly mocked the Moral Majority and portrayed it as a dangerous fundamentalist group that threatened to erase the line separating church and state by using the muscle of religion towards political ends. Said Goldwater in 1981: The uncompromising position of these groups is a divisive element that could tear apart the very spirit of our representative system if they gain sufficient strength. Goldwater added that  he was  sick and tired of the political preachers across this country telling me as a citizen that if I want to be a moral person, I must believe in A, B, C and D. Just who do they think they are? The influence of the Moral Majority peaked with the election of Republican Ronald Reagan  as  president in 1980, but the re-election of the conservative icon in 1984 also sped the decline of Falwells group. Many financial backers of the Moral Majority saw little need to keep contributing when the White House was safely in their control.   Ronald Reagans reelection in 1984 led many supporters to conclude that further contributions were no longer as badly needed, wrote  Glenn H. Utter and James L. True in  Conservative Christians and Political Participation: A Reference Handbook. The decline of the Moral Majority was also precipitated by nagging questions about prominent evangelists including Jim Bakker, who hosted The PTL Club until a sex scandal forced him to quit, and Jimmy Swaggart also brought down by scandal. Eventually, Falwells critics began to ridicule the Moral Majority, it was neither moral nor a majority.   The Controversial Jerry Falwell In the 1980s and 1990s, Falwell was widely ridiculed for making a series of bizarre statements that made him and the Moral Majority appear to be out of touch with mainstream Americans. He warned, for example, that a purple character on the childrens show  Teletubbies,  Tinky Winky, was gay and  encouraging tens of thousands of children to be gay as well. He said Christians were deeply concerned about little boys running around with purses and acting effeminate and leaving the idea that the masculine male, the feminine female is out, and gay is O.K. After the attacks of September 11, 2001, Falwell suggested gays, feminists and those who support abortions rights help create the environment for such terrorism. Falwell said: Throwing God out successfully with the help of the federal court system, throwing God out of the public square, out of the schools ... the abortionists have got to bear some burden for this because God will not be mocked. And when we destroy 40 million little innocent babies, we make God mad. The pagans and the abortionists and the feminists and the gays and the lesbians who are actively trying to make that an alternative lifestyle, the ACLU, People for the American Way — all of them who have tried to secularize America. I point the finger in their face and say you helped this happen. Falwell also claimed: AIDS is the wrath of a just God against homosexuals. To oppose it would be like an Israelite jumping in the Red Sea to save one of Pharaohs charioteers ... AIDS is not just Gods punishment for homosexuals; it is Gods punishment for the society that tolerates homosexuals. Falwells influence in politics waned dramatically in the final two decades of his life because of such statements, which he made a time when public opinion was shifting in favor of gay marriage and womens reproductive rights.

Music and Well-Being Essay - 1667 Words

1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE TOPIC Music is one of the greatest human creations (DeNora, 2000). It plays an integral role in human society worldwide irrelevant of race, gender, age, wealth or well-being (Kemper Danhauer, 2005). Indeed according to Batt-Rawden (2010), playing different music in diverse situations can introduce listeners to the desired and relevant atmosphere. In most circumstances, music is played to entertain people, but it can also form part of an accompaniment in sad situations. Music is often the fulcrum that influences the listener by creating a unique ambience and atmosphere (Bernatzky, Presh, Anderson, Panksepp, 2011). Chamorro-Premuzic and Furnham, (2007) adds that music can be a medium to enhance communication,†¦show more content†¦Music during surgery was first introduced in the early 20th century as a complementary therapy with anaesthesia (Light, Love, Benson, Trier Morch, 1954). They argued that music distracted the patient from the fear of surgery and complemented analgesia ef fect with the use of nitrous oxide, which ultimately effected, the pain suffered by the patients.. Engwall (2009) defined pain as a symptom and a warning that something is wrong in an organism† (p 370). Rathmell et al., (2006) maintained that fear of uncontrolled pain can be a traumatic situation for a patient undergoing surgery. Moreover, Pellino, et al (2005) sustained that â€Å"pain is a multidimensional experience, consisting of not only physical stimuli but also psychological interpretations of pain† (p. 182). Alleviating peri-operative pain is traditionally achieved with the use of pharmacological interventions. analgesia can incur undesirable side-effects like drowsiness, nausea and vomiting. Controlling the pain by complimenting analgesics with the use of non-pharmacological interventions, might ameliorate patients’ response to pain with fewer resultant side-effects. Thus, the need to evaluate the effect of non-pharmacological measures such as music, relaxation, hypnosis and others is highly solicited in the evolving heath system (Pyati Gan, 2007). The use of music as a non pharmacological measure can be an essential element in dealing with pain since it is easy and safe toShow MoreRelatedThe Psychological Effects Of Music And Its Impact On Our Lives1712 Words   |  7 Pagesof music at any given time of day thanks to modern technology advances. In this paper, I will be highlighting the psychological effects of music, and its impact on one’s emotions because music is a separate channel of communication that affecting emotions in significant ways (Hargreaves, Mitchell MacDonald, 2012). Music provides the benefit of releasing endorphin hormones that give confidence, good mental strength, good mood, and increase in well-being and overall happiness. Moreover music canRead MoreMusic And Its Importance On The Human Brain1605 Words   |  7 PagesAndie M. Partida Ms.Ponder English IV, 6 Pd. 28 February,2015 Music And Its Importance On The Human Brain Music affects people of all ages developmentally , intellectually and medically as well as it affects their social , personal lives. In other words, music affects the way in which we think , behave and feel. Music tends to have a positive effect on the transfer of learning. For example , learning to play an instrument enhances the abilityRead MoreAnalysis of the Play Candide Essay1040 Words   |  5 PagesWestphalia, when the scene is first introduced the music has a happy sound, similar to that of circus music and as the introduction goes on the music goes from an allegro tempo to a peaceful and dream like piano sound and grave tempo. As the music continues to come in the lights continue to brighten on stage as well as if the music and lights are tied together. As the cast came out they performed the opening song during this song they harmonized really well. In Scene One the audience is introduced to theRead MoreThe Healing Power Of Music1612 Words   |  7 PagesThe Healing Power of Music The Alzheimer’s Foundation of America, defines Alzheimer’s as being the most common form of dementia, occurring in 60% to 80% of people suffering from symptoms of dementia (Clair Tomaino, 2016). The foundation also states that it is an irreversible disease that progresses over time, destroying cognitive functions such as: memory, learning, and language skills. Furthermore it may alter behaviors and mood, cause disorientation, as well as agitation (Clair TomainoRead MoreEssay about Handel and Bach Comparisons840 Words   |  4 PagesZeller Professor Davidson History of Music 114:01 15 November 2012 Bach v. Handel When thinking of composers, whose works changed the world of music forever, many names may come to mind. Among those on that list, both Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel are figures whose effect on music has been felt worldwide. Born in the same year, these composers have much in common and many differences that illustrate their importance to their era and music as we see it today. Their individualismRead MoreA Family Holiday Choral Concert1554 Words   |  7 PagesToday, Classical music isn t considered to be the most popular genre of music, but as I seen at MJC s Frozen - A family Holiday Choral Concert, the audience really enjoyed the songs that fell into this genre. Whether one realizes it or not, we hear classical music more than we think. When one is on hold with their doctor s office, at an upper scale department store, or even at a fancy restaurant, more than likely the type of music being played is classical. The Classical music period originatedRead MoreJoh n Adams, An American Composer Essay1389 Words   |  6 Pagesrejuvenated and lively with every beat of finest music we hear. Music comes in a variety of diverse forms which are admired and renowned for their own unique styles. Classical music is one of the breeds of musical forms that exist since many years with its visible significance in the music industry. Classical music is a part of our globe from almost 1000 years and inspires millions of people with its liveliness and simplicity. American classical music has been innovated with every single passing yearRead MoreReducing the Aches and Pains of Life with Music Therapy1286 Words   |  5 PagesTherapeutic use of music is also extremely effective at reducing the everyday aches and pains that humans experience. Slow and methodical music slows the brain waves and helps the muscles in our body to relax, reducing muscle pain (Coleman). A significant amount of today’s population also experiences depression in some shape way or form and music therapy has been proven to be one of the most successful ways to help patients cope with depression. â€Å"Individual music therapy combined with standardRead MoreMusic : An Explosive Expression Of Humanity1748 Words   |  7 PagesBilly Joel once said, â€Å"I think music in itself is healing. It s an explosive expression of humanity. It s something we are all touched by. No matter what culture we re from, everyone loves music.† In many ways this quote is very accurate both socially and scientifically. Music is a vital part of almost every culture and serves many purposes culturally as a means of self expression and communication within a culture and the world at large. While music does serve several external purposes, perhapsRead MoreMusic in Our Everyday Lives1330 Words   |  6 PagesOur everyday lives are affected by music. People listen to it in the car, while grocery shopping, in the movies, at home, and practically anywhere else possible. There are many different types and styles of music, the most influential being Hip-Hop/Rap music, followed by Rock and Roll. Music is often a mood-altering device used to make the listener feel a sense of belonging, happiness, or sorrow. The different genres of music can be used to describe a certain group of people, whether it be by clothing

Culture of Nursing-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Write an Essay to discuss the term 'Culture of Nursing' using the current literature to support your discussion. Answer: Nursing is a noble profession which is selected by individuals to serve the humanity. This profession also helps nurses to be in constant companionship of the distressed people or patients who are is extreme need of physical and mental support in their time of ailments and disorders. Often a patient who has been diagnosed by a doctor or a physician of particular chronic or acute ailments mainly looks upon the nurses as constant support both for mental as well as physical health maintenance (Manojlovisch Ketefian, 2016). Therefore, the nursing staffs have to undertake a great level of responsibility to deal with the lives of patients. Any carelessness may affect their career to a huge extent. While maintaining such profession, each nurse has to maintain a culture of nursing that accompanies a safe environment, practising proper nursing competency, professionalism, maintaining principles of healthcare like justice, beneficence, autonomy, dignity, non-maleficence, right morals and ethi cal considerations. Proper training of maintaining a professional environment with correct attributes of care, affection and love should be the main foundation (Nixon, 2014). Moreover, maintaining a collaborative practice with every colleague and giving the best evidence base care are also parts of the culture that nurses follow in healthcare sectors. The essay will portray aspects of the culture of nursing, a historical aspect that has influenced modern nursing as well as the contemporary factor which is shaping and defining nurses. A culture of nursing can be defined as the culture that exists in the workplace of the healthcare sectors where nurses are appointed with the responsibility to provide the best care to patients. The most important attribute that forms the DNS of nursing is the concept of innovativeness. An environment which is transformational and is constantly in pursuit of excellence, promises the best output from the nurses and results in higher patient satisfaction. Proper maintenance of nursing values, nursing philosophies, strategic decisions, nursing leaderships as well as nursing models of care and professional practice mainly set the environment of a perfect culture in nursing profession (Zimmerman, shier Saliba, 2014). A nurse who is considered by the patient and the family members as the form of support sent by the Almighty to protect the ill, should not only be compassionate to the family members and the patients but at the same time should provide morals and virtues which form the basis of human love, affection and care. Maintaining autonomy and dignity of the patients and thereby providing a person-centered care helps in healing of the patients and making them feel comfortable even when not present in their own homes. Nurses maintain a culture of safe practice where principles of beneficence and non-maleficence form the foundation of practice. Moreover, the culture of nursing is such that they would never be intolerant or bias to a particular culture and must encourage a multiculturism environment (Mesler, 2014). This culture should be tolerant of different people coming from different backgrounds, and the nurses should provide care which is culturally competent. Overcoming ethical and moral dilemma with correct morals of judgment, right decision taking skill and proper critical analysing skill help to maintain an environment of nursing. A collaborative approach to maintaining harmony and respect for colleagues and proper inclusion of every team members while per forming nursing leadership helps smooth flow of healthcare. Previously, the concept of healthcare mainly depended upon the concept of the biomedical model of care. Previously the healthcare staffs along with the nurses treated patients who are affected by a particular microorganism causing a disease or by other physiological issues in the bodies that resulted in different ailments or disorders. Therefore the main concern of the nurses and other staffs was to develop the health of the patient by particularly analysing the symptoms and planning interventions according to them. When such symptoms were no longer found in the patients, the healthcare system considered them to be fit and released them to their homes. However, this attracted the criticisms of many researchers who suggested that a disorder or ailment is not only the result of a physiological impact. It is a combined effect of psychological as well as social impact and that there are often many social determinants of health which often contribute to the cause of development of the dis eases (Suls, Krantz Williams, 2013). Therefore the concept of the bio-psycho-social model of care had come into consideration where evidence have been provided by researchers to be an effective procedure for treatment. Hence, in the present generation nurse tend to analyse and assess different physiological aspects, social factors and different psychosocial factors which have contributed to the occurrence of the disorder (Lane, 2014). Hence, this change had been gradually implemented in the modern day nursing care which is very different from the earlier perspective of healthcare. A contemporary factor had contributed a lot in shaping up the present day nursing care and which is responsible for ensuring that the nurses are providing the best care to the patients. These are mainly the regulatory authorities and governing bodies. Previously, the absence of a proper governing body resulted in each of the healthcare organisations to have theirown system of treatment and handling of different nursing and patient issues (Birks et al., 2016). This often created confusion and the practice of the nurses were also not monitored properly. However, the contemporary factor that had resulted in the development of a centralised authority and governing body of the nurse like the NMBA or Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia as well as the Alpha or Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA)has helped in regulating the practice of nurses. ANMAC or the Australian Nursingand Midwifery Accreditation Council (ANMAC) is also another such association. All the regulat ory bodies have published important guidelines that the nurse now follow and incorporate in their work. The codes of ethics, codes of conduct, and standards of professional practice all lead to the development of different rules and regulation that covers ethical and moral practice, maintaining safety and cultural competence, managing the principles and philosophy of nursing care and many others. These bodies can also take actions against any nurses who are mot found to abide by the guidelines fixed by the bodies and can take legal steps (Scanlon et al., 2016). Many laws have also been published by the healthcare legislation bodies that also ensure that nurses maintain a safe practice and do not interfere with patients human rights. These monitoring bodies have ensured that quality practice is ensured by the Australian healthcare system. The culture of nursing is needed to be maintained by each healthcare centre to ensure that proper healthcare service is provided to patients. Proper nursing philosophy moral, virtues, nursing principles, maintenance of collaborative approach and many similar others assure the maintenance of proper culture in nursing. Previously biomedical model of care was used which had now been replaced by a bio-psycho-social model of care. This had many advantages and ensured proper healing and treatment of patients. The development of many new regulatory bodies has acted as monitoring authorities which had provided guidelines for nurses and had ensured that the nation gets the most caring as well as the safest practice from the nurses. References: Birks, M., Davis, J., Smithson, J., Cant, R. (2016). Registered nurse scope of practice in Australia: an integrative review of the literature.Contemporary Nurse,52(5), 522-543. Lane, R. D. (2014). Is it possible to bridge the Biopsychosocial and Biomedical models?.BioPsychoSocial medicine,8(1), 3. Manojlovich, M., Ketefian, S. (2016). The effects of organizational culture on nursing professionalism: Implications for health resource planning.Canadian Journal of Nursing Research Archive,33(4). Mesler, D. M. (2014). A comparative study of cultural competence curricula in baccalaureate nursing programs.Nurse educator,39(4), 193-198. Nixon, J. (2014). Looking at the culture of nursing through fresh eyes.Kai Tiaki: Nursing New Zealand,20(1), 26. Scanlon, A., Cashin, A., Bryce, J., Kelly, J. G., Buckely, T. (2016). The complexities of defining nurse practitioner scope of practice in the Australian context.Collegian,23(1), 129-142. Suls, J., Krantz, D. S., Williams, G. C. (2013). Three strategies for bridging different levels of analysis and embracing the biopsychosocial model. Zimmerman, S., Shier, V., Saliba, D. (2014). Transforming nursing home culture: Evidence for practice and policy.The Gerontologist,54(Suppl 1), S1-S5

Pride and Prejudice First Impressions free essay sample

First Impressions Summary: The original title for Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen was First Impressions. Even though Pride and Prejudice is a well thought out title for the novel, First Impressions is what the novel really is about. The novel is based on Elizabeth and what her impressions are about the people she decided to associate herself with. First Impressions The original title for Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen was First Impressions. Even though Pride and Prejudice is a well thought out title for the novel, First Impressions is what the novel really is about. The novel is based on Elizabeth and what her impressions are about the people she decided to associate herself with. Elizabeths first impressions of Wickham and Darcy ended up being completely opposite of what she thought. First impression fits the title description better than Pride and Prejudice based on the fact the novel has everything to do with first impressions. We will write a custom essay sample on Pride and Prejudice First Impressions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Elizabeths first encounter with Darcy is at the ball. She, as well as the rest of the neighborhoods first impression of Darcy is that of which, he is a rude, arrogant man who thinks he is too good to dance with any of the girls at the dance because of the mere fact he has to much pride to dance with someone beneath him. This means more to Elizabeth because she happens to overhear the conversation Darcy has with Mr. Bingly. Darcy refused to dace with Elizabeth because she isnt as handsome as Jane. Referring to Elizabeth Darcy says, She is tolerable; but not handsome enough to tempt me; and I am in no humorous at present to give consequence to young ladies who are slighted by other men. You had better return to your partner and enjoy her smiles, for you are wasting your time with me (9). Elizabeth tries to shack the comment off by proceeding to enjoy the night with disregard to the insult she has just received. She later on learns from Wickham, Darcy is exactly what she thought him out to be and worse. Wickham tells her after Darcys father, whom he admired so greatly passed away he had no were to go because Darcy had turned his back on Wickham and left him to be what he is today, a solider. Because of her understanding of who Darcy is, Elizabeth more than happily refuses Darcy proposal for marriage. She says to Darcy, Had not my own feelings decided against you, had they been indifferent, or had they even been favorable, do you think that my consideration would tempt me to accept the man, who has been the means of ruining, perhaps forever, the happiness of a most beloved sister I have every reason in the old to think ill of you? (173) Elizabeth finds out Darcy was not the dreadful man Wickham made him out to be. In essence of her new understanding for Darcy, Elizabeth begins to ease up on Darcy by not being as harsh and cruel to him as she previously had been. She finds out from her aunt, Darcy was the man who spared her family shame, to their name by paying off Wickham to marry Lydia. For this Elizabeth is truly grateful and thanks Darcy for what good he has done for her family. Elizabeth says to Darcy,. .. I can no longer help thanking you for your unexampled kindness to my poor sister. Ever since I have none it, I have been most anxious to acknowledge to you how grateful I feel it. Were it known the rest of my family, I should not have merely my gratitude to express. (330) Elizabeth begins to love Darcy for what he really is. Wickham is first introduced to Elizabeth when Lydia proposes the idea of going to Meryton with all of her sister except Mary because she refuses to play along. Elizabeth thinks very highly of Wickham. She believes he is a victim in Darcys plan to ruin Wickhams life. Wickham makes it seem to Elizabeth the only reason he became an officer was because Darcy ruined his only chances of a life in the Church. Wickham proceed to tell Elizabeth about Darcys horrible manners, by telling her, A military life is not what I intended for, but circumstances have not made it eligible. The church ought to have been my profession-I was brought up for the church, and I should at times been in possession of a most valuable living, had it pleased the gentlemen we were speaking of now. (72) With this new Knowledge of Darcys wrong doings to Wickham, Elizabeth began to despise Darcy more than she had and feels sorry for what Darcy had done to Wickham. Elizabeth learns to find out what Wickham really stands for when she finds out the truth through Darcys letter. Wickham was a man of greed and couldnt be trusted. He resigned from the churches to practice law with the thousand pounds Darcy most generously provided him, in the intention Darcy would succeed. When Darcy heard from Wickham nearly three years later he refused to grant Wickham the money he intended to receive a second time from Darcy. He goes on by asking Elizabeth not to blame him for his refusal to Wickham grant, You will hardly blame me for refusing to comply with this intreaty, or for resisting every repetition of it (182). Her impression of Wickham changes entirely after reading the letter. Her impression of Wickham is now that of which she once though of Darcy. Knowing of Wickhams ways Elizabeth begged of her father to deny Lydia of accompanying Colonel Millars wife in Brighton. Soon enough Elizabeth received a letter from Jane announcing what she had feared all along about Lydias departure to Brighton. Jane writes, An express came from Colonel Forster, to inform us that she had gone off to Scotland with one of his officers; to own the truth, with Wickham! (245) Knowledge of this incident only proved to Elizabeth, Wickhams true colors. In this occasion Elizabeths first impression of Wickham was completely wrong, and only to find out Darcy was the victim all along. First Impressions, better fits the description of the novel. Elizabeths first impressions of Darcy and Wickham were completely opposite of what she first believed them to be. The novel is based on Elizabeths first impression of the two gentlemen. Elizabeths knowledge of the truth is what the whole novel is base on. For that reason Jane Austens previous title of, First Impressions should have been kept instead of what is now Pride and Prejudice.

Study Guide Review free essay sample

Think positively Use the power of visualization Know that most nervousness is not visible Dont Expect Perfection 7. Critical thinking- focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, the differences between fact opinion 8. 7 elements in which we focus on how these elements interact when a public speaker addresses an audience Speaker- the person who Is presenting an oral message to a listener Message- whatever a speaker communicates to someone else Channel- the means by which a message Is communicatedListener- the person who receives the speakers message Feedback- the messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker Interference- anything that Impedes the communication of a message. Interference can be external or internal listeners Situation- the time place in which speech communication occurs 9. Speech making becomes more complex as cultural diversity Increases. Part of the complexity stems from the differences In language from culture to culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Guide Review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The meaning attached to gestures, facial expressions, other nonverbal signals also vary from culture to culture.Ethnocentrism often blocks communication the belief that ones own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures Chapter 2 1 . Ethics is defined as the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs. As a public speaker, you will face ethical issues at every stage of the speechifying process- from the initial decision to speak through the final presentation of the message. 2. Make sure goals are ethically sound, be fully prepared for each speech, be honest in what you say, avoid name-calling abusive language(personal dignity free beech), put ethical principles into practice 3. Plagiarism- presenting another persons language or ideas as ones own Global plagiarism- stealing a speech entirely from a single source passing it off as ones own Patchwork plagiarism- stealing ideas or language from two or three sources passing them off as ones own Incremental plagiarism- failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people 4. Be courteous , avoid prejudging the speaker, maintain the free open expression of ideas Chapter 3 1 .Hearing- the vibration of sound waves pm the eardrums the firing of electrochemical impulses in the brain Listening- paying close attention to, making sense of, what we hear 2. Art of listening can be helpful in almost every part of your life. Studies have been shown a strong correlation between listening academic success. Regardless of profession or walk of life, you never escape the need for a well-trained ear. Listening is also important to you as a speaker. It is probably the way you get most of your ideas information.Appreciative listening- listening for pleasure or enjoyment Empathic listening- to provide emotional support for a speaker Comprehensive listening- listening to understand the message of a speaker Critical listening- listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it 3. Not concentrating, listening too hard, Jumping to conclusions, focusing on delivery personal appearance Tips Take listening seriously Be an active listener Resist distractions Dont be diverted by appearance or delivery Suspend Judgment Focus your listening (main points, evidence, techniqueDevelop note-taking skills Chapter 5 Brainstorming- a method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas 3. Internet searches 4. General purpose- the broad goal of a speech 5. Specific purpose- a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech 6. Tips for makin g a specific purpose statement Write the purpose statement as a full infinitive phrase, not as a fragment Express your purpose as a statement, not as a question Avoid figurative language in your purpose statementLimit your purpose statement to one distinct idea Make sure your specific purpose in not too vague or general 7. Questions you should ask Does my purpose meet the assignment? Can I accomplish my purpose in the time allotted? Is the purpose relevant to my audience? Is the purpose too trivial for my audience? Is the purpose too technical for my audience? 8. Central idea- a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech 9.Residual message- what a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech 10. The central idea (1) should be expressed in a full sentence, (2) should not be in the form of a question, (3) should avoid figurative language, and (4) should not be vague or overly general. Chapter 6 1 . Audience centeredness- keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation 2. *** 3. *** Egocentrics- the tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being 4.

A Beginners Guide Tenses of Latin Verbs

A Beginner's Guide Tenses of Latin Verbs Latin is an inflected language  where the verbs include a lot of information about the sentence. Sometimes the verb is the only word in the sentence. Even without a noun or pronoun, a Latin verb can tell you who/what the subject is. It can also tell you the time frame, interval, or tense. When you parse a Latin verb, you deconstruct these and other facets of the Latin. When you parse a Latin verb, you list the following: Meaning/translationPersonNumberMoodVoice (active/passive)Tense/aspect Tense, as mentioned, refers to time. In Latin, there are 3 simple and 3 perfect tenses, a total of 6, and they come in both active and passive forms. Moods in Different Tenses The Indicative Mood is the most common and thats what this page is about. You need to make note of the mood when parsing a verb. Most statement sentences use the indicative. In English, we generally contrast indicative with conditional sentences, although English has the Latin moods (Indicative, Subjunctive*, and Imperative**). Present Tense The first of the simple tenses in the Indicative Mood is the present tense. The present tense in the Indicative Mood has both Active and Passive voices. The present tense shows action that is happening now. I walk - ambulo Latin Imperfect Tense The next tense is the imperfect, which conveys incompleted action in the past. Imperfect means incomplete or unfinished. When translating an imperfect verb, the simple past tense sometimes works. Other times, was plus an -ing ending on the verb or used to plus the verb will convey the incompleted past action. I was walking - ambulabam The imperfect tense in Latin is used for both continuous and habitual actions in the past. Latin Future Tense The third tense is the future tense. A verb in the future tense conveys an action that will happen in the future. The customary auxiliary verb denoting the future tense is will. He will walk - ambulabit The 1st person singular future ambulabo is translated I shall walk technically. Most people in the U.S., if not in the rest of the anglophone world, would say I will walk. The same is true of the 1st person plural ambulabimus: technically, its we shall walk, but in custom, its we will walk. In the second and third person, its just will without qualification. Latin Verb Endings Active Singular -o, -m-s-t Active Plural -mus-tis-nt Passive Singular -or, -r-ris-tur Passive Plural -mur-mini-ntur Perfect Active Endings Singular   -i-isti-it Plural -imus-istis-erunt (sometimes -ere) Past Tenses Past or perfected tenses are used for completed actions. There are 3 such tenses: Perfect,PluperfectFuture perfect. Latin (Past) Perfect Tense Generally simply called the perfect tense, this tense refers to an action that has been completed. Either a simple past tense ending (e.g., -ed) or the auxiliary verb have conveys the perfect tense. I walked - ambulavi You may also translate it: I have walked. Latin Pluperfect Tense A verb is in the pluperfect tense if it was completed prior to another. Usually the auxiliary verb had signifies a pluperfect verb. I had walked - ambulaveram Latin Future Perfect Tense Future perfect is used to convey an action that will have been completed prior to something else. Will have are the customary auxiliary verbs. I will have walked - ambulavero *  More advanced:  In the Subjunctive Mood, there are 4 tenses, both active and passive: Present,Imperfect,Perfect, andPluperfect. ** There is ordinarily one Latin tense in the Imperative Mood, with both active and passive forms.

Koran and 1001 Nights Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Koran and 1001 Nights - Research Paper Example Her words and the words of the learned quizzing her reveal that the primary aim of Muslims is to achieve purity of body and spirit so that they will be worthy of meeting God. The book reflects the principles of the Koran in a thematic way through the various tales and the frame story. These stories reveal the principles of the Koran at work in the lives of the characters. The frame story of the Thousand and One Nights reflects the stories within the book in that each of the female characters are facing tests of their purity and their dedication and each time they demonstrate forgiveness, understanding and dedication. The male characters are often people with power, respected men who still manage to doubt, mess up or do wrong things. These men find the way back to purity, acceptance of Mohammed as prophet, dedication to the one true religion and renewed happiness and life. Evil men do not conform to these principles and suffer as a result of their willfulness. The frame story of a ruler who promises to take a new wife each evening and kill her each morning is reflected in these stories by allowing the ruler to see himself in each tale and his storyteller and latest wife, Shahrazad, in the roles of the female characters. As she gently instructs him in his religion, she is saving her own life and the lives of 1001 other of her countrywomen. She also pre sents the ruler with three healthy sons in this period and is finally rewarded with life and honor as the ruler’s

Essentials of Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Essentials of Marketing - Essay Example Enlightened customers no longer buy into the old strategy that believes a good product sells itself. Marketing has become a well-balanced mix of concepts and techniques, research and sales, promotion and production. Marketing has been described as "[...] the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives" (Lancaster & Reynolds, 1999, p. 1). It is not so much a single task as it is a concept of visualizing your customer through their eyes, and creating a profit by understanding and satisfying their needs by providing something of value (Forsyth, 1999, p.124). Marketing is the companys interface between the customer and other key elements of the organization such as finance, production, and design. This concept remains constant and is unaffected by the product type or market sector. It is a continual process of scanning the environment to glean information about the customer in terms of age, politics, economics, culture, and technology. Todays customer driven company relies less on market manipulation and more on researching the customers desires and buying habits. In the end, it does not matter what you market, where you market it, whether it is a tangible good or a service, domestic or global, the basic marketing processes remain the same (Sandhusen, 2000, p.15). Thomas Eberling, CEO of pharmaceutical giant Novartis, insists that selling medicine is no different than selling soft drinks, and in his words, "[...] both require an in-depth knowledge of consumer behavior" (as cited in Capell, 2001). Understanding customer and market segment behavior is one of the most important elements of marketing. It requires understanding the segment as well as how they react as individuals. Behavior impacts profits and marketers employ extensive research to predict customer reaction to a product. Products that fail are often

Wilsons fourteen points Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wilsons fourteen points - Essay Example erves that the Wilson’s fourteen points were the hallmark of the American democratic intervention in a situation that would have otherwise precipitated more turmoil and suffering to the whole world, should the USA have decide to take up arms and join either side of the war, as opposed to negotiating a peaceful agreement between the warring parties in World War I (Ignatius, n.p.). Therefore, the two authors agree that the Wilson’s fourteen points were a major milestone towards the realization of the end to war faster that it would have otherwise happened, had the Wilson’s fourteen points not intervened to create an avenue for the warring parties to reach an agreeable settlement. The Wilson’s fourteen points gave Germany a leeway to come out of the World War I without much shame of defeat, owing to the fact that after realizing that Germany was facing an eminent defeat, the German leadership quickly convened the German parliament (Reichstag), and rallied it to agree to the proposals of the Wilson’s fourteen points (Henig, n.p.). This move was certainly meant to make Germany appear as if they simply agreed to the peace settlement mechanism offered through proposed Wilson’s fourteen points, rather than appearing to have surrendered to defeat. In agreement, David Ignatius contends that the Wilson’s fourteen points was an inspiration to the warring parties that felt victimized during the World War I to come out as winners too, owing to the fact that Wilson’s fourteen points had been crafted such that the overall effect of the World War I would not create a clear winner or loser (Ignatius, n.p.). The Wilson’s fourteen points seemed attractive to the Central powers side in the war, owing to the fact that the proposal appeared to be a bit more lenient, when compared to the subsequent terms and conditions of punishment that would have been issued to Germany and its supporters by both France and Britain, on th e event that the war was fought to the end and

Journalist Freedom Contempt

Journalist Freedom Contempt Journalist Freedom Contempt â€Å"The protection of a journalists source is of such vital importance for the exercise of his right to freedom of expression that it must, as a matter of course, never be allowed to be infringed upon, save perhaps in very exceptional circumstances† (Judge de Meyer, Goodwin v. UK, 1996). Consider whether section 10 of the Contempt of Court Act 1981, as judicially interpreted and applied, reflects the above position. This paper will look to effectively consider whether section 10 of the Contempt of Court Act 1981, as judicially interpreted and applied, reflects Justice Meyer’s view in Goodwin v. United Kingdom. Therefore, it will be necessary to outline what is meant by the ‘freedom of expression’ and section 10 of the Contempt of Court Act (‘CCA’) 1981, in the context of journalists and the protection of their sources, so as to determine their nature and scope. Then, following on this, it will be necessary to consider how the two interrelate and the problems with looking to recognise this relationship, before looking specifically at the decision in Goodwin v. United Kingdom, how the law has since developed, and how such matters have been dealt with in another jurisdiction, so as to effetively conclude upon this issue. Therefore, to begin with it is important to recognise the fact that, for any journalist, protecting the confidentiality of their sources is an integral part of their work because of the fact that they would be unable to carry out their jobs effectively without the trust of primary sources on the scene of some of the biggest news stories Accordingly, throughout the past two decades English courts have stressed the growing importance of freedom of expression and have become more willing to countenance the citation of authority from other jurisdictions Therefore, in some cases, English courts have even gone so far as to incorporate a statement of principle from First Amendment doctrine, as it is also widely understood the European human rights system generally supports journalists’ right to refuse to reveal their sources. This is effectively illustrated by the nature and scope of Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights (‘ECHR’) 1950 that was effectively codified into our domestic legal system by the enactment of the Human Rights Act 1998. Accordingly, in keeping with their membership of the European Community as a whole UK domestic law also offers some form of protection for journalists and their sources before a court of law under section 10 of the Contempt of Court Act (‘CCA’) 1981. However, whilst section 10 of the CCA 1981 codifies the idea that there is not a court in the country that can require someone to disclose the source of information that is contained in the publication that they are responsible for, and nor are they guilty for refusing to do so, unless it is effectively established that disclosure is necessary in the view of the courts in the given circumstances, it is important to recognise the fact that this provision may not be keeping with Justice Meyer’s aforementioned view. Moreover, as several journalists have recognised, journalists can only appeal against an order for disclosure if they are personally party to litigation and, where this is allied with section 14 of the same Act it would seem that domestic law in this area is particularly stringent. However, it must be stressed that neither the ECHR 1950 nor domestic law confers a right upon anyone to ‘broadcast time’, since Article 10 simply confers a right not to have access to public media denied on discriminatory, arbitrary, or unreasonable grounds. This view is effectively illustrated by the Privy Council decision in Benjamin v. Minister of Information Broadcasting where the court quashed the respondent’s decision to suspend Mr Benjamins phone-in programme on Anguillan radio. Therefore, the Privy Council held that although Mr Benjamin had no right to broadcast, he did have the right not to have his access denied on arbitrary and capricious grounds. As a result, it must also be recognised that, according to the courts in this country, the ‘necessity’ for any restriction on freedom of expression must be convincingly established, according to the decision in Sunday Times v. United Kingdom. This is because the court in this case was â€Å"faced †¦ with a principle of freedom of expression†, but â€Å"it is not sufficient that the interference involved belongs to that class of the exceptions listed in article 10(2) †¦ neither is it sufficient because its subject-matter fell within a particular category or was caught by a legal rule formulated in general or absolute terms†. Moreover, their has been some judicial discourse regarding what is meant by the limited circumstances proscribed in section 10 of the CCA 1981, where the courts may find journalists in contempt for looking to protect their sources, and as to whether this is a fair reflection of Article 10 of the ECHR 1950 by comparing the views of Lord Justice Schiemann in Camelot Group plc v. Centaur Communications Limited and Lord Justice Sedley in Financial Times Ltd v. Interbrew SA. This is effectively illustrated by the decision in Secretary of State for Defence v. Guardian Newspapers Ltd where Lord Diplock said, â€Å"exceptions include no reference to ‘the public interest’ generally and †¦ the expression ‘justice’ †¦ is †¦ in the technical sense of the administration of justice in the course of legal proceedings†. Therefore, ‘The Guardian’had to reveal the identity of Sarah Tisdall, a government employee who photocopied a document showing American cruise missiles due to arrive in England, who was jailed as a result. However, despite the fact that it was stated in the decision of Ashworth Security Hospital v. MGN Ltd that â€Å"there can be no doubt now that both section 10 and article 10 †¦ enhance the freedom of the press by protecting journalistic sources†, it is perhaps little wonder the European Court of Human Rights (‘ECtHR’) has ruled that a journalist has the right to protect confidential sources except in these narrowly-defined circumstances. This is because, under Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights (‘ECHR’) 1950, a journalist must reveal a confidential source â€Å"where vital public or individual interests [are] at stake†. But it is very difficult to prove when such circumstances will arise. This is because, specifically, in the decision of Goodwin v. United Kingdom, the journalist in this case (a William Goodwin) refused to reveal the confidential source of damaging information relating to a particular company Tetra – and the information supplied to Goodwin was found to have come from a draft secret corporate plan that had gone missing from the company so that Tetra suspected a disloyal employee or collaborator. As a result, the company in question alleged that the information was stolen and that its publication could damage the company’s reputation and future business prospects, so this meant that the domestic tribunals in the UK sided with the company, barring the publication of the information and ordering the journalist to reveal his source. However, the journalist refused and was held in contempt of court and fined  £5,000 under section 10 of the Contempt of Court Act 1981 that was upheld by the Court of Appeal and then the House of Lords. This meant the House of Lords specifically applied the principle expounded by Lord Reid in the decision of Norwich Pharmacal Co v. Customs Excise Commissioners when upholding the Court of Appeal’s decision that stated â€Å"if through no fault of his own a person gets mixed up in the tortious acts of others †¦ he †¦ comes under a duty to assist the person who has been wronged† But the journalist then looked to file a complaint with the European human rights system, arguing that his right to freedom of expression under the ECHR 1950 had been violated. Therefore, the ECtHR ruled the order to reveal the journalistic source and the fine imposed on the journalist for refusing to do so was incompatible with the ECHR 1950. Such a view was decided upon because the Court reasoned the â€Å"[p]rotection of journalistic sources is one of the basic conditions for press freedom† because â€Å"[w]ithout such protection, sources may be deterred from assisting the press in informing the public on matters of public interest†. This was supported by the fact that it was recognised in the decision of Goodwin v. United Kingdom that the â€Å"Protection of journalistic sources is one of the basic conditions for press freedom †¦ and is affirmed in several international instruments on journalistic freedoms† because otherwise â€Å"sources may be deterred from assisting the press†. Therefore, this would mean â€Å"the ability of the press to provide accurate and reliable information may be adversely affected† so that â€Å"source disclosure †¦ cannot be compatible with article 10 of the Convention unless it is justified by an overriding requirement in the public interest†. The decision followed on from that of the House of Lords in X Ltd v. Morgan-Grampian (Publishers) Ltd so that Lord Bridge of Harwich echoed their consensus as they indicated how the approach to be adopted to section 10 of the CCA 1981 involved very much the same balancing exercise as is involved in applying Article 10 of the ECHR 1950. Lord Bridge reasoned that as to â€Å"whether disclosure is necessary in the interests of justice gives rise to a more difficult problem of weighing one public interest against another† and so, when commenting on Lord Diplock’s dictum in Secretary of State for Defence v Guardian Newspapers Ltd, â€Å"to construe ‘justice’ as the antonym of ‘injustice’ in section 10 would be far too wide. But to confine it to ‘the technical sense of the administration of justice †¦ seems †¦ too narrow† Therefore, people â€Å"should be enabled to exercise important legal rights and to protect themselves from serious legal wrongs†. This means it â€Å"will not be sufficient †¦ to show merely that he will be unable without disclosure to exercise the legal right or avert the threatened legal wrong on which he bases his claim†. As a result, â€Å"the judge’s task will always be to weigh †¦ the importance of enabling the ends of justice to be attained in the circumstances of the particular case †¦ against the importance of protecting the source†. However, the House of Lords decision in Reynolds v. Times Newspapers altered the approach to qualified privilege because it established common law qualified privilege could apply to media publications and traditional duty and interest requirements could be satisfied by media publications so that publishers had no defence even if they were not careless or published the material to serve a general public interest. Therefore, with a generic approach, all such media publications would be protected unless claimants proved malice so that this means that, under the influence of the ECHR 1950, journalists’ confidential sources are accorded very strong protection in England, which makes it extremely difficult to prove malice. Moreover, a generic approach was rejected because its scope would be too narrow Instead, the House of Lords concluded common law qualified privilege should focus on the publication’s public interest qualities Similarly in the more recent decision of Ashworth Security Hospital v. MGN Ltd it was decided that the â€Å"care of patients at Ashworth is fraught with difficulty and danger† and â€Å"The disclosure of the patients’ records increases that difficulty†. This is because the court had had to decide whether to order disclosure of the identity of a hospital employee who had supplied confidential medical records on the Moors murderer Ian Brady to the Daily Mirror’s investigations editor. Accordingly â€Å"The source’s disclosure was wholly inconsistent with the security of the records and the disclosure was made worse because it was purchased by a cash payment†. As a result the court took a strict line with this decision because of the risk of further confidential information being disclosed for profit, supported by the earlier decision in Interbrew v. Financial Times Ltd Others. Nevertheless, in looking to compare these decisions with another jurisdiction, it is interesting to consider the fact that when Turkey attempted to justify its interference with journalists’ rights to freedom of expression on national security grounds, the ECtHR resolved the journalist’s complaints against the State in its decision in the case of Halis v. Turkey In this case the Turkish government imprisoned a journalist for publishing a book review that looked to express positive opinions about aspects of the Kurdish separatist movement. Therefore, the journalist was convicted domestically for violating the provisions of the Turkish Prevention of Terrorism Act 1991 through the dissemination of propaganda about an illegal separatist terrorist organisation. As a result, when the journalist filed a complaint with the ECtHR, the State defended that its restriction was necessary to protect national security. Accordingly, the ECtHR found that the restriction in these circumstances was made pursuant to Turkish law and that the sensitive security situation and the use of violence by a separatist movement in Turkey and the measures taken by the government had the legitimate aim of protecting national security and public safety. But the ECtHR found that the conviction and suspended sentence of the journalist was not necessary in a democratic society and that it violated the journalist’s right to freedom of expression. Similarly, in Sener v. Turkey, the owner and editor of a weekly Turkish paper was convicted of ‘disseminat[ing] propaganda against the State’ for publishing an article that referred to the military attacks on the Kurdish population as genocide, when Turkey again defended its interference with freedom of speech on national security grounds, and the ECtHRs held that the State had once again violated the applicant’s right to freedom of expression. Moreover, in the more recent decision of Dammann v. Switzerland, it was held that there had been a violation of Article 10 of the ECHR 1950 when a journalist had been prosecuted and fined for inciting a civil servant to disclose an official secret. The case arose because of the fact that the journalist had asked an administrative assistant to tell him whether a list of suspects of a recent robbery had any previous criminal convictions and she had supplied that information in breach of official secrecy law. Therefore, with this in mind, the Court held that the journalist’s source could be protected because the information supplied was a matter of great public interest and debate and the information in question could have been obtained by other means, such as through consulting law reports or press records. Similarly, the Irish Constitution has always recognised the freedom of expression because of the fact that, after centuries of British rule ended in 1921, the new Irish state chose to draft its own written constitution. Therefore, with this in mind, the current Irish constitution has recognised the right to freedom of expression and also calls for the country’s authorities to prevent the media from undermining public order or morality, whilst also preserving the medias right of liberty of expression. But, in spite of this codification, Irish journalists and law reformers understand that defamation decisions including Campbell-Sharp v. Independent Newspapers (IRE) Ltd have seriously impeded this right so that freedom of the press is seriously restricted. This is because of the fact that liability costs have discouraged investigative journalism and activists in this area have sought parity with the other jurisdictions under Article 10 of the ECHR 1950 in practice as well as in statute. In conclusion, this means that in looking to effectively consider whether section 10 of the Contempt of Court Act 1981, as judicially interpreted and applied, reflects Justice Meyer’s aforementioned view in Goodwin v. United Kingdom, it is clear that, whilst there is little doubt this provision provides the courts with an important protocol to protect journalists’ sources, section 10 does not give unequivocal reinforcement to journalists’ professional duty of confidentiality so that, worryingly, it is not just in exceptional cases that the statute’s protection is being overturned. However, whilst in view of the nature and scope of many of the more recent decisions, since that found in Goodwin v. United Kingdom, where the domestic courts have ordered disclosure, journalists still largely place their obligations towards their sources above anything to the court and the administration of justice under section 10 of the CCA 1981. This is because, in such circles, the freedom of expression under Article 10 of the ECHR 1950 is considered paramount and, as was the case in Goodwin v. United Kingdom, the matter can always be referred to the ECtHR for judgment should the domestic courts prove unduly restrictive. However, with this in mind, whilst one can only speculate what may be decided in cases like Ashworth Security Hospital v. MGN Ltd, it would appear, that specifically in this case, this might appear to fall within one of the exceptions provided by Article 10(2) of the ECHR 1950 – namely, â€Å"for preventing the disclosure of information received in confidence†. Therefore, section 10 of the CCA 1981 appears quite reflective of Justice Meyer’s aforementioned view because of the limited circumstances where it has been infringed upon in domestic law before and after the decision in Goodwin v. United Kingdom. But, on the basis of the decisions in Turkey, Switzerland and Ireland, by way of comparison, it is all too clear that even where one of the exceptions under Article 10(2) of the ECHR 1950 is cited, it must be proved to the ECtHR satisfaction otherwise it will still apply. This is because such a view arises from the fact that since, as we have already recognised, the European Court of Human Rights has categorically stated that the right to freedom of expression must be guaranteed not only for information and ideas that are favourably received, but also for those that shock the State Therefore, it must be recognised that the right to freedom of expression would be nonexistent if only statements acceptable to the government, and the majority, were allowed to be expressed so that all facts and opinions must be permitted, provided that they are not specifically restricted by the governing treaty. Bibliography Frazier. S ‘Liberty of Expression in Ireland the Need for a Constitutional Law of Defamation’ (1999) 32(2) Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 391 Gordon. R. S, Ward. T Eicke. T ‘The Strasbourg Case Law: Leading Cases from the European Human Rights Reports’ Sweet Maxwell (2001) Hare. I ‘English Lessons in Comparative Public Law: Will the First Amendment have the Last Word?’ (2000) 10 Trinity Law Review 29 Hare. I ‘Method Objectivity in Free Speech Adjudication: Lessons From America’ (2005) 54(1) ICLQ 49 Moncrieff. M ‘No names†¦ unless the court decides otherwise’ The Guardian (08/04/02) (http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2002/apr/08/mondaymediasection4) Pasqualucci. J. M ‘Criminal Defamation the Evolution of the Doctrine of Freedom of Expression in International Law: Comparative Jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights’ (2006) 29(2) Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 379 Soames. M ‘Privilege, yes, but it is to protect the public’ The Times (26/07/05) (http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,8163-1705639,00.html) Weaver. R. L, Kenyon. A. T, Partlett. D. F Walker. C. P ‘Defamation Law Free Speech: Reynolds V. Times Newspapers and the English Media’ (2004) 37(5) Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 1255 Table of Cases Ashworth Security Hospital v. MGN Ltd [2002] UKHL 29 Benjamin v. Minister of Information Broadcasting [2001] 1 WLR 1040 Camelot Group plc v. Centaur Communications Limited [1999] QB 124 Campbell-Sharp v. Independent Newspapers (IRE) Ltd No. 5557 (Ir. H. Ct. May 6, 1997) Dammann v. Switzerland (Application No. 77551/01) ECtHR 2 May 2006 Derbyshire County Council v. Times Newspapers Ltd [1993] AC 534 Fernando v. Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation (1996) 1 BHRC 104 Financial Times Ltd v Interbrew SA [2002] EWCA Civ 274 Goodwin v. United Kingdom (1996) 22 EHRR 123 Halis v. Turkey [2005] ECtHR 3 Interbrew v. Financial Times Ltd Others [2002] 1 Lloyds Rep 542 Jersild  v.  Denmarkjudgment  of 23rd September  1994,  Series  A  no.  298 Norwich Pharmacal Co v. Customs Excise Commissioners [1974] AC 133 R v. British Broadcasting Corporation, ex parte ProLife Alliance [2004] 1 AC 185 Reynolds v. Times Newspapers [2001] 2 AC 127 Scharsach News Verlagsgesellschaft v. Austria (2003) ECtHR 596 Secretary of State for Defence v Guardian Newspapers Ltd [1985] AC 339 Sener v. Turkey [2000] ECtHR 377 Sunday Times v. United Kingdom (1979) 2 EHRR 245 X Ltd v. Morgan-Grampian (Publishers) Ltd [1991] 1 AC 1 Table of Statutes Bunreacht na hEireann 1921 (as amended) Contempt of Court Act 1981 European Convention on Human Rights 1950 Human Rights Act 1998 Turkish Prevention of Terrorism Act 1991

In the Game of Life, There are No Continues Essay -- Argumentative Per

In the Game of Life, There are No Continues It was July when Charles Whitman, who was 24, killed both his wife and mother. He then took a â€Å"footlocker full of ammunition, shotguns, rifles, Spam sandwiches and water† to a clock tower at the University of Texas. In the next hour and half, he shot 46 people, killing 16 of them before finally being shot to death by police. Charles Starkweather was 19 when he led Caril Fugate, 14, on a â€Å"weeklong killing spree across Nebraska and Wyoming in which 11 people were shot, stabbed, and strangled to death.† Before this, however, Caril had shot her mother to death with a shotgun for threatening Charles (Lovinger 18,19). Are these the newest acts in a seemingly endless rash of teen violence? Were these teens influenced to kill by Marilyn Manson, violent video games, or R rated movies? The answer is a sound â€Å"No!† These acts occurred before the advent of violent media. According to Lovinger, Whitman killed all those people in the summer of 1966, while the killing spree of Starkweather and Fugate happened during the year of 1958 (18). Violence has always been among the population. Violent video games do not encourage nor induce our kids to commit acts of brutality. People have been killing each other since the dawn of time. Society cannot use violent video games as a scapegoat for its ills. Violent video games do not cause violent behavior in today’s youth, contrary to popular belief. One of the biggest arguments against the selling and creating of violent video games is that kids are not able to distinguish between fantasy and reality, that by picking up a fake gun and shooting at pixels and animation that flies across the screen, the game is teaching kids to k... ...lt;http://proquest.umi.com/>. â€Å"Press Start.† Electronic Gaming Monthly May 2001: 36 Quittner, Joshua. â€Å"Are Video Games Really So Bad?† Time 10 May 1999: 50-59. ProQuest Direct. ProQuest. J.D. Messick Learning Resource Center, Tulsa. 26 March 2001 . Sandberg, Jared. â€Å"The Gamer: An Increasing Number of Teens Spend Their Days Pulverizing Each Other with Computerized Instruments of Destruction.† Wall Street Journal 8 Dec. 1997: R4. ProQuest Direct. ProQuest. J.D. Messick Learning Resource Center, Tulsa. 26 March 2001 . â€Å"The Surgeon General’s Report.† Computer Gaming World May 2001: 30. Van Horn, Royal. â€Å"Violence and Video Games.† Phi Delta Kappan Oct. 1999: 173-174. ProQuest Direct. ProQuest. J.D. Messick Learning Resource Center, Tulsa. 26 March 2001 . In the Game of Life, There are No Continues Essay -- Argumentative Per In the Game of Life, There are No Continues It was July when Charles Whitman, who was 24, killed both his wife and mother. He then took a â€Å"footlocker full of ammunition, shotguns, rifles, Spam sandwiches and water† to a clock tower at the University of Texas. In the next hour and half, he shot 46 people, killing 16 of them before finally being shot to death by police. Charles Starkweather was 19 when he led Caril Fugate, 14, on a â€Å"weeklong killing spree across Nebraska and Wyoming in which 11 people were shot, stabbed, and strangled to death.† Before this, however, Caril had shot her mother to death with a shotgun for threatening Charles (Lovinger 18,19). Are these the newest acts in a seemingly endless rash of teen violence? Were these teens influenced to kill by Marilyn Manson, violent video games, or R rated movies? The answer is a sound â€Å"No!† These acts occurred before the advent of violent media. According to Lovinger, Whitman killed all those people in the summer of 1966, while the killing spree of Starkweather and Fugate happened during the year of 1958 (18). Violence has always been among the population. Violent video games do not encourage nor induce our kids to commit acts of brutality. People have been killing each other since the dawn of time. Society cannot use violent video games as a scapegoat for its ills. Violent video games do not cause violent behavior in today’s youth, contrary to popular belief. One of the biggest arguments against the selling and creating of violent video games is that kids are not able to distinguish between fantasy and reality, that by picking up a fake gun and shooting at pixels and animation that flies across the screen, the game is teaching kids to k... ...lt;http://proquest.umi.com/>. â€Å"Press Start.† Electronic Gaming Monthly May 2001: 36 Quittner, Joshua. â€Å"Are Video Games Really So Bad?† Time 10 May 1999: 50-59. ProQuest Direct. ProQuest. J.D. Messick Learning Resource Center, Tulsa. 26 March 2001 . Sandberg, Jared. â€Å"The Gamer: An Increasing Number of Teens Spend Their Days Pulverizing Each Other with Computerized Instruments of Destruction.† Wall Street Journal 8 Dec. 1997: R4. ProQuest Direct. ProQuest. J.D. Messick Learning Resource Center, Tulsa. 26 March 2001 . â€Å"The Surgeon General’s Report.† Computer Gaming World May 2001: 30. Van Horn, Royal. â€Å"Violence and Video Games.† Phi Delta Kappan Oct. 1999: 173-174. ProQuest Direct. ProQuest. J.D. Messick Learning Resource Center, Tulsa. 26 March 2001 .

Volunteer work

For example, many high school and college students in the United States often spend many hours as volunteers in hospitals, orphanages or homes for the aged. They read books to the people in these places. Sometimes the students Just visit them, play games with them or listen to their problems. Other young volunteers work in the homes of sick or old people. They clean up their houses, do their shopping or mow their lawns.For boys ho no longer have fathers, there Is a voluntary organization called Big Brothers. College students take these boys to baseball games and help them to get to know things that boys usually learn from their fathers. Some high school students take part In helping disadvantaged or handicapped children. They give care and comfort to them and help them to overcome their difficulties. Young college and university students participate In helping the people who have suffered badly In wars or natural disasters.During summer vacations, they volunteer to work In remote or mountainous areas to provide education for children. Each city has a number of clubs where boys and girls can go to play games. Some of these clubs organize short trips to the mountains, beaches or other places of interest. Most of these clubs use a lot of high school and college students as volunteers because they are young enough to understand the problems of younger boys and girls. Volunteers believe that some of the happiest people in the world are those who help to bring happiness to others.

States and Their Dates of Admission to the Union

States and Their Dates of Admission to the Union The thirteen original colonies in North America could officially be admitted to the United States after the U.S. Constitution was written and signed by the delegates to the Constitutional Convention, on Sep. 17, 1787. Article IV, Section 3 of that document reads: New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new States shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress. The main part of this article grants the U.S. Congress the right to admit new states. The process usually involves Congress passing an enabling act that authorizes a territory to convene a constitutional convention, draft a constitution, and formally apply for admission. Then, assuming they meet any conditions set forward in the enabling act, Congress accepts or denies their new status.   Between Dec. 7, 1787, and May 29, 1790, each of the colonies became states. Since that time, 37 additional states have been added. Not all states were territories before they became states, however. Three of the new states were independent sovereign states at the time they were admitted (Vermont, Texas, and California), and three were carved out of existing states (Kentucky, part of Virginia; Maine part of Massachusetts; West Virginia out of Virginia). Hawaii was a sovereign state between 1894 and 1898 before it became a territory.   Five states were added during the 20th century. The last states to be added to the US were Alaska and Hawaii in 1959. The following table lists each state with the date it entered the union, and its status before they were states. States and Their Dates of Admission to the Union State Status Before Statehood Date Admitted to the Union 1 Delaware Colony Dec. 7, 1787 2 Pennsylvania Colony Dec. 12, 1787 3 New Jersey Colony Dec. 18, 1787 4 Georgia Colony Jan. 2, 1788 5 Connecticut Colony Jan. 9, 1788 6 Massachusetts Colony Feb. 6, 1788 7 Maryland Colony April 28, 1788 8 South Carolina Colony May 23, 1788 9 New Hampshire Colony June 21, 1788 10 Virginia Colony June 25, 1788 11 New York Colony July 26, 1788 12 North Carolina Colony Nov. 21, 1789 13 Rhode Island Colony May 29, 1790 14 Vermont Independent republic, established January 1777 March 4, 1791 15 Kentucky Part of Virginia state June 1,1792 16 Tennessee Territory establishedMay 26, 1790 June 1, 1796 17 Ohio Territory established July 13, 1787 March 1, 1803 18 Louisiana Territory, established July 4, 805 April 30, 1812 19 Indiana Territory established July 4, 1800 Dec.11, 1816 20 Mississippi Territory established April 7, 1798 Dec.10, 1817 21 Illinois Territory established March 1, 1809 Dec.3, 1818 22 Alabama Territory established March 3, 1817 Dec.14, 1819 23 Maine Part of Massachusetts March 15, 1820 24 Missouri Territory established June 4, 1812 Aug. 10, 1821 25 Arkansas Territory established March 2, 1819 June 15, 1836 26 Michigan Territory established June 30, 1805 Jan. 26, 1837 27 Florida Territory established March 30, 1822 March 3, 1845 28 Texas Independent republic, March 2, 1836 Dec.29, 1845 29 Iowa Territory established July 4, 1838 Dec.28, 1846 30 Wisconsin Territory established July 3, 1836 May 26, 1848 31 California Independent republic, June 14, 1846 Sept. 9, 1850 32 Minnesota Territory established March 3, 1849 May 11, 1858 33 Oregon Territory established Aug. 14, 1848 Feb. 14, 1859 34 Kansas Territory established May 30, 1854 Jan. 29, 1861 35 West Virginia Part of Virginia June 20, 1863 36 Nevada Territory established March 2, 1861 October 31, 1864 37 Nebraska Territory established May 30, 1854 March 1, 1867 38 Colorado Territory established Feb. 28, 1861 Aug. 1, 1876 39 North DakotaTT Territory established March 2, 1861 Nov. 2, 1889 40 South Dakota Territory established March 2, 1861 Nov. 2, 1889 41 Montana Territory established May 26, 1864 Nov. 8, 1889 42 Washington Territory established March 2, 1853 Nov. 11, 1889 43 Idaho Territory established March 3, 1863 July 3, 1890 44 Wyoming Territory established July 25, 1868 July 10, 1890 45 Utah Territory established Sep. 9, 1850 Jan. 4, 1896 46 Oklahoma Territory established May 2, 1890 Nov. 16, 1907 47 New Mexico Territory established Sep. 9, 1950 Jan. 6, 1912 48 Arizona Territory established Feb. 24, 1863 Feb. 14, 1912 49 Alaska Territory established Aug. 24, 1912 Jan. 3, 1959 50 Hawaii Territory established Aug. 12, 1898 Aug. 21, 1959 U.S. Territories There are currently 16 territories owned by the United States, mostly islands in the Pacific ocean or Caribbean Sea, most of which are uninhabited and administered as wildlife refuges by the US Fish and Wildlife Services or as military outposts. United States territories with inhabitants include American Samoa (established 1900), Guam (1898), the 24 Northern Marianas islands (today a commonwealth, established 1944), Puerto Rico (a commonwealth, 1917), U.S. Virgin Islands (1917), and Wake Island (1899). Sources and Further Reading Biber, Eric, and Thomas B. Colby. The Admissions Clause. National Constitution Center.Immerwahr, Daniel. How to Hide an Empire: A History of the Greater United States. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2019.  Lawson, Gary, and Guy Seidman. The Constitution of Empire: Territorial Expansion and American Legal History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004.  Mack, Doug. The Not-Quite States of America: Dispatches from the Territories and Other Far-Flung Outposts of the USA. W. W. Norton, 2017.The last time Congress created a new state. Constitution Daily. The National Constitution Center, March 12, 2019.

An Analysis of the Poem Spain by W. H. Auden Essays

An Analysis of the Poem Spain by W. H. Auden Essays An Analysis of the Poem Spain by W. H. Auden Essay An Analysis of the Poem Spain by W. H. Auden Essay What is Aden trying to achieve in writing this poem? First of all, Aden is asking to meditate on the relationship between the past, the present and the future. The poem refers to the past as History is the operator People should not be limited by the past and it should help them to make the future > inspiration from the past (first part of the poem). Tomorrow the enlarging of consciousness by diet and breathing (plus all the lines on Tomorrow) indicate hope that humanity will draw from the creative past instead of destruction. The final nines are saying to act now in the present, not wait for History to solve everything. Once the omen has passed, you cannot offer help nor ask for forgiveness. Aden is also monopolizing the nations to get engaged in the war. And also inspire personal implication of the people of Spain and Europe. Overall, this poem is ambiguous, Aden doesnt take sides which makes this poem a special and a powerful representation of the Spanish Civil War. He shows the rights and wrongs on both sides (republican and nationalist). He also shows the contrast before, during and after the war (yesterday, today and tomorrow). Before war is the time for creation, invention and offering global universal history. Some of the lines that are the most convincing in convincing us of the significance of Spains Civil War are in stanza 18 the menacing shapes of out fever are precise and alive This stanza describes berry well the horror, terror, destruction that the war has brought upon the people. The war thoughts have replaced the normal everyday thoughts about the medicine ad and the brochure of winter cruises.

Strategic hospitality management(the case of yum) Study

Strategic hospitality management(the of yum) - Case Study Example The company also recognizes that it lags behind McDonalds in terms of customer service. In order to improve on this aspect, Yum! Brands, Inc. commits to invest in its human resource who are in the front line, directly interacting with its customers. Its SEC 8-K filling elaborates this as earnings per share growth, operating profit growth, same store sales growth, system sales growth, restaurant development, and customer satisfaction metrics." These established objectives are quite specific as they state the areas that the company wants to improve in. However, they are not measurable because they do not state how much earnings per share, operating profit, store sales, and system sales should grow. Increase in customer satisfaction is also a very general objective. These objectives fail to take into account all the shareholders of the business organization. "Build dominant China brands." This is in recognition of the opportunities in Chins due to its huge population and increasing per capita income. It should be noted that China's move in opening up its doors to the rest of the world has spurred the growth of opportunities and enhanced the overall economic situation. China has grown at a very fast rate during the past years facilitated by the entry of foreign investments. The country is now considered as one of the most fertile ground for foreign business organizations who are eyeing the international market because of its very huge population together with their rising disposable income. "Drive profitable international division expansion." Yum! Brands recognizes taking advantage of global opportunities due to globalization and large market abroad. "Improve US brand position and returns." This emphasizes the company's concern in its largest market. It should be noted that aside from its huge operations abroad, the United States still serve as the company's largest contributor in terms of revenue and income. "Drive high return on invested capital and strong shareholder payout." This strategy takes into account the stockholders of the company. Yum! Brands, Inc. is very much dependent on the funding of its shareholders as most of its asset is financed by equity. Yum! Brands, Inc. enhances its image and reputation in the society by pursuing social corporate responsibility programs which are aimed in "nourishing the minds, bodies, and spirit of people in need." The company does this by designing and implementing unique programs dedicated to hunger relief, scholarships, reading incentives, and mentoring at risk teens. Co-branding strategy which combines two or three brands in each location. 4. Policies "Customer mania acts as one system to put a Yum on customers' faces around the world." The company highlights the importance of satisfying customers in order to become successful in the industry. Delivery of customer value is often enhanced through excellent customer service. "People

Fashion, Culture and Region Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fashion, Culture and Region - Research Paper Example The paper "Fashion, Culture and Region" explores the region, fashion and culture. Many individuals including great scholars have come up with a variety of definitions concerning the meaning of fashion. According to Severini (2015), fashion is a popular trend, in particular in manner of behavior and style of dressing. The above definition with other definitions that individuals and great scholars have come up with have a common concept, feeling and looking great. If an individual is fashionable, that individual is considered as being confident. That individual is sure that the right message is being conveyed to provide a specific impression to other individuals. This implies that being fashionable surely assists an individual in getting the courage to take the first step towards achieving set goals. In light of this, does the culture of a particular region play an important role in affecting its trend in its fashion industry? If it does, what fashion design programs can be created for this type of culture? This memo report will address these two questions. Let us begin with the history of fashion. Throughout history, fashion has had a long history of errors and trials. What was known to be fashionable in the past might be similar to destroying fashion in the present times. Likewise, what is known to be fashionable in the present times might have been seen as fashion suicide by people living in the past. Therefore, the period of time and beliefs held by the individuals living in it.

Potter Five Forces Analysis Of NYC Chauffeurs VIP Assignment

Potter Five Forces Analysis Of NYC Chauffeurs VIP - Assignment Example In spite of the strategic management process developed by the organization management policy and goals, the success of the company was limited because of the existing competition especially from new companies investing in the chauffer industry. The introduction of new services by competitors and new business ventures in the next years will affect the revenue of the company. The perception that the company will be able to wade the storm because of its past expansion record is unfounded because of the increasing competition and the inflation affecting the consumers. There are several competitors who will affect the revenue collection of the company. The main competitors in the market include the iDriveYourCar.com and the chauffernewyork services. The iDriveyourcar.com offers rental services for vehicles without offering drivers if the consumer only needs the car. The offering of flexibility in car hire increases the competition for the company because of variety and diversity. Threats from substitutes There are several substitutes to the product range provided by the company. The products are from competitors such as city taxi services and buses which offer cheaper services to the consumer. Latest changes in the transport sector and existence of other market share leaders such as MTA Company and other companies introduce substitute to the transport system offer by the VIP limo service. The company is faced with a serious challenge from cost effective service delivery companies which do not offer high end products such as the limo but have focused on cheaper alternatives such as bus transport. These companies offer substitute services that pose a serious challenge for the NYC Chauffeurs VIP company. The substitute services are cost effective and readily accessible thus a threat to the growth and expansion of the NYC Chauffeurs VIP company. Competition The chauffeur industry has several companies especially in New York. These companies include New York Chauffeur, Chauffeured Service s and Chauffeur New York. These are the main source of competition. Stiff competition is from Chauffeured Service and iDriveyour Car.com. Chauffeured services have been in the market for over one decade making it have loyal customers and brand presence and strong brand image. Other companies are also venturing on Limousine industry have developed strategic plans to increase the market share of their respective companies. Competition for the companies is stiff and any delay or drop in the level of service delivery will lead to serious loss of revenue. The competition has been moved into the social media marketing. The use of social media platform has encouraged feedback collection and service improvement. However, social media has also led to serious competition between the companies. Buyer power This is an external factor. The number of customers willing to buy the product or service is dependent on their income, which is affected by inflation and other economic factors. These facto rs affect the level and quality of service that the customer will require from the company. During the financial meltdown, the service volume requested by the customers changed significantly resulting in the drop in revenue collection. Price differences and change can force the company revenue to decline

Logic of the Sea Essay Example for Free

Logic of the Sea Essay The article The Duty of Inquiry comes from the book The Ethics of Belief by William Kingdon Clifford. The author, William Clifford is a notable English philosopher and mathematician of the 19th century. This article talks about belief and how it necessitates responsible inquiry. It asserts that belief should be accompanied by reasonable investigation rather than baseless assertions. Also, we are the ones responsible for our belief regardless of the consequences (Clifford). These arguments were delivered using hypothetical situations pertaining to belief and the importance of inquiry. The author’s main argument is that our beliefs precede our actions and even the result of these actions, which is why we have to take full responsibility of these beliefs through appropriate means of inquiry. The author starts by presenting a hypothetical situation of a ship owner and his vessel. The ship owner’s vessel is about to set sail across the ocean with a lot of emigrants aboard. However, the owner thinks that the ship may have some problems, and perhaps it is not fit to set sail at all, however, he thinks that it is all too expensive to repair. He gives it some more thought, clearing his mind of the doubts, establishing a firm idea that his ship is still capable of sailing. He has convinced himself and he clearly disregarded his prior suspicions, and he finally permits he ship to set sail. The inevitable happens, the ship sank, and all those aboard died or were lost at sea. The ship owner collects the insurance, but deep inside him he is guilty of what happened to the passengers. The ship owner may be sincere with his admission of guilt; however, this is already irrelevant in this situation. It’s because the belief that he conjured were not made from careful investigation, rather it was from stifling his doubts, from disproving by himself whatever thought of uncertainty he had in the first place. In this situation, the ship owner’s guilt is from the fact that he was the one who knowingly and willingly created the frame of mind that made him to believe that his ship can still sail. He had doubts in the beginning but he was able to convince himself, though his decision is made out of preference rather than what is real. He didn’t do anything to check up on the ship, to see whether his doubts may hold true or not, instead he just thought about it, thought that it was alright, and made up his mind that it was indeed all right. He is guilty because he didn’t do the appropriate inquiry to verify or disprove his thoughts. Rather than acting upon it, he just thought about it, which if we look at it carefully, it’s a bit careless since a lot of lives are at stake. The author then asserts that the ship owner’s guild is actually determined regardless of its effects, so whatever the consequences of his beliefs, he is still responsible for it. After giving it some thought, even though the ship may have successfully sailed at that time or even for many more times, the mere fact that he has somehow believed that the ship was unworthy of sailing, he is still responsible for it. His guilt is already determined whether or not the ship survives. It is not about the consequences of the action, but about the belief he had already conjured. From the moment he thought about it, he is already responsible for his belief, so it is his task that to know about his thoughts, to take appropriate means of inquiry in order verify or confirm it. The author then presents another hypothetical situation, this time regarding religious teaching. It is about a prominent personality who is constantly attacked in an organized way, only to find out after further investigations that the accusations made about him were all false. Because of this, the accusations were immediately discredited. This situation is important because it proves that any reasonable effort to know the truth or reality of situation given could indeed disconfirm or disprove any of the accusations initially made. This means that because of the effort exerted to know what’s real, the accusations made in the first place are already disconfirmed. Even though the charges directed towards the person were sincere, they are still irrelevant to this situation. The basis of this is that the beliefs presented initially were just based on preference; the accusations made towards that person were the result of their prejudice or perhaps their passion without really giving any attention to factual evidence. So based on this, they really had no right to believe on whatever is presented before them. So when effort is made to verify any of this, it could be regarded as an act to disprove the accusations, and supports the author’s argument that the morality of the question is already settled even though the consequences are known. The author employed the steps in this order so that the reader could build up on the assumption that indeed beliefs should correspond to the appropriate inquiry. Without inquiry, these beliefs were just worthless, and it wouldn’t be justified by whatever consequences. By carefully analyzing the hypothetical situations posed by William Clifford, we can see that indeed, belief should be accompanied by reasonable investigation rather than baseless assertions, and that we re responsible for these beliefs. We can achieve this by through appropriate means of inquiry. Work Cited: Clifford, William Kingdon. The Ethics of Belief. 1877. December 12 2009. http://ajburger. homestead. com/files/book. htm#ethics.

Malaysian Economic Policy and FDI :: History Economics Malasya Essays

Malaysian Economic Policy and FDI BACKGROUND AND COUNTRY ATTRACTIVENESS. Malaysia is the second fastest growing economy in the South East Asian region with an average Gross National Product (GNP) growth of eight-plus percent per year in the last seven years. Since independence in 1957, Malaysia has moved from an agriculturally based economy to a more diversified and export oriented one. The Malaysian market is fairly openly oriented, with tariffs only averaging approximately fifteen percent and almost non-existent non-tariff barriers and foreign exchange controls. The open trade based economy is supported by the fact that the total two way trade almost amounts to 120 percent of the GNP (1994). Together with a stable political environment, increasing per capita income, and the potential for regional integration throughout the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), Malaysia is an attractive prospect for FDI (refer to Tables 1, 2, 3 and Graph 1 for relevant economic indicators). Until 1993, foreign investment contributed 60% of all investment in Malaysia. FDI grew strongly in the late 1980s to reach a peak of RM17.7 billion in 1992. This was followed by a sharp drop to RM6 billion in 1993 due to the world rececession, but rose again to RM15.2 billion in 1994. Malaysia is among the top five recipients of foreign direct investment in the world and while in recent years it has come mainly from other Asian countries, 1993 saw the US as the biggest inward investor with RM1.7 billion. Japan and Taiwan are clearly the largest overall investors with the US third, followed by France, Singapore and the UK (McLeman 1994, 19). The rationale of this report is not to promote Malaysia as an attractive destination for multinational entities, but rather to analyze how Malaysia's economic policy impacts upon FDI. Malaysia, perhaps, represents one of the most successful developing nations that has been able to effectively incorporate economic policy objectives with foreign funds, knowledge and networking throughout FDI (refer appendix 5). FDI in Malaysia is an important catalytic factor, increasing exports, knowledge and provides an economic vehicle towards the Malaysian 2020 vision. THE MALAYSIA PLAN AND THE NEW ECONOMIC POLICY FRAMEWORK The Malaysian government uses economic planning to achieve economic and socio-economic goals in close coherence with the New Economic Policy (NEP) and the National Development Policy (NDP). The Fifth Malaysia plan and the Long-term Industrial Master Plan Malaysia, in particular, indicate specific future objectives and economic trends. Malaysian Economic Policy and FDI :: History Economics Malasya Essays Malaysian Economic Policy and FDI BACKGROUND AND COUNTRY ATTRACTIVENESS. Malaysia is the second fastest growing economy in the South East Asian region with an average Gross National Product (GNP) growth of eight-plus percent per year in the last seven years. Since independence in 1957, Malaysia has moved from an agriculturally based economy to a more diversified and export oriented one. The Malaysian market is fairly openly oriented, with tariffs only averaging approximately fifteen percent and almost non-existent non-tariff barriers and foreign exchange controls. The open trade based economy is supported by the fact that the total two way trade almost amounts to 120 percent of the GNP (1994). Together with a stable political environment, increasing per capita income, and the potential for regional integration throughout the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), Malaysia is an attractive prospect for FDI (refer to Tables 1, 2, 3 and Graph 1 for relevant economic indicators). Until 1993, foreign investment contributed 60% of all investment in Malaysia. FDI grew strongly in the late 1980s to reach a peak of RM17.7 billion in 1992. This was followed by a sharp drop to RM6 billion in 1993 due to the world rececession, but rose again to RM15.2 billion in 1994. Malaysia is among the top five recipients of foreign direct investment in the world and while in recent years it has come mainly from other Asian countries, 1993 saw the US as the biggest inward investor with RM1.7 billion. Japan and Taiwan are clearly the largest overall investors with the US third, followed by France, Singapore and the UK (McLeman 1994, 19). The rationale of this report is not to promote Malaysia as an attractive destination for multinational entities, but rather to analyze how Malaysia's economic policy impacts upon FDI. Malaysia, perhaps, represents one of the most successful developing nations that has been able to effectively incorporate economic policy objectives with foreign funds, knowledge and networking throughout FDI (refer appendix 5). FDI in Malaysia is an important catalytic factor, increasing exports, knowledge and provides an economic vehicle towards the Malaysian 2020 vision. THE MALAYSIA PLAN AND THE NEW ECONOMIC POLICY FRAMEWORK The Malaysian government uses economic planning to achieve economic and socio-economic goals in close coherence with the New Economic Policy (NEP) and the National Development Policy (NDP). The Fifth Malaysia plan and the Long-term Industrial Master Plan Malaysia, in particular, indicate specific future objectives and economic trends.