Eat Well, Feel Better. the Link Between What We Eat and Our Mental Health

Eat well, feel better. The bind between what we expel and our psychological wellness. Table of contents 1 Introduction summon 2 1. 1 dry land tuition sc tout ensembleywag 2 1. 2 Aim pageboy 2 1 Methodology Page 2 2. 3 indigenous question Page 2 2. Secondary research Page 2 3 Findings Page 3 3. 1 What is genial malady Page 3 3. 2 The link between fodder and psychological wellness Page 4 4 Conclusions Page 5 5 Recommendations Page 6 6 Bibliography Page 7 . Introduction 1. 1 Background Information In re centime years there has been an increase of moral health problems in our society. According to the Department of Health(2012) one in quadruple adults experience mental disorder at approximately point during their spirit and one in six experience symptoms of mental illness therefrom making it the largest single cause of disability in our society. Many mass rent to take control of their mental health by apply self- dish out approaches alongside, or even instead o f, prescribed medication and talking therapies.Making changes to sustenance and eating habits is just one approach that some people have employ to befriend improve their mental well-being. The cogitate between victuals and mental health atomic anatomy 18 less clearly mum than links between forage and physical health. There are some principally accepted trends and pieces of advice than puke help when thinking about what you eat and drink. 1. 2 Aim This report is expiration to outline what mental health is and how it affects people. It is going to research how what you eat affects your mental health and how eating or non eating certain nutritions rout out contribute to a persons mental wellbeing.It is in addition going to suggest the types of regimens that are good to help maintain mental wellbeing and tell the reader why and how these foods keep back a person with mental health problems feel. 2. Methodology 2. 1Primary research The cartridge clip allotted for this report did not allow for any accurate uncreated research to be done as this would have involved draft up questionnaires, handing them out to a aspire group, collecting them in and analysing the findings all of which would be a time consuming task. 2. 2 Secondary look into In the report secondary bloodlines from various websites are the main cite of information.There is limited information in books about this as it is a actually current topic and websites such(prenominal) as www. mind. org and www. sustainweb. org have been carrying out research on this subject and have a lot of valuable information. 3. Findings 3. 1 what is mental illness Mental illness is a term apply when psyche experiences signifi keistert changes in their thinking, lookings or behavior. The changes are usually terrible enough to affect how the person functions and can cause distress to them or to other people. It may cause Anxiety, Depression, Suicidal Thoughts, Sleep Deprivation and a general feeling of unease and despair.A person with a mental illness sees things differently than a person without a mental illness and something childlike to a non- sufferer can be life changing to a sufferer and can lead to the illness taking all over where it is a downwards spiral in to the depths of notion. This then become a vicious lick of depression leading to the sleep deprivation which in turn leads to loathsomeness attacks which can then lead to feelings of despair and maybe even self-destructive thoughts which then brings the sufferer straight back to the beginning were they are anxious about what might happen next and starts the circle all over gain. 3. 2 Research According to Youngminds(2012) there is increasing deduction of a link between what we eat and how we feel. This is called the food mood connection. How we feel influences what we choose to eat or drink and vice versa and a healthy diet can help to protect our mental health. Mental health problems are believed to be the result of a combilanded estate of factors, including age, genetics and environmental factors. wholeness of the most obvious, yet under-recognised factors in the development of major trends in mental health is the role of nutrition.Sustain(2010) indicates that a oddmentd mood and feelings of well-being can be helped by ensuring that our diet provides adequate amounts of certain foods such as foods that contain- * Complex carbohydrates, Glucose from the carbohydrates we eat provides the brains main source of fuel. Without this fuel, we cant think clearly. Some carbs are better than others. Sugar, uninfected pasta and biscuits will only give you a short soften of energy. Youll feel tired and grumpy when the sugar high wears off and for someone with mental health electric outlets this could then trigger a series of emotions. . If you eat lots of sugary foods, fizzy drinks and stimulants such as coffee, tea or alcohol, your blood sugar levels go up and down. This can make you ir ritable, anxious, and dizzy, it can also lead to poor concentration and aggressive behaviour. Complex carbohydrates, such as wholegrain, beans and vegetables, are a better choice because they give you keep up energy and you dont get that come down feeling when they wear off. * Essential fats, Essential fats, found mainly in smarmy fish, seeds and nuts, cannot be made within the body, so we have to get them from food.Sixty per cent of the brain is made of fat, and the fats we eat directly affect its structure. A want of omega-3 fatty acids has been linked to various mental health problems, including depression and lack of concentration. * Amino acids, Proteins found mainly in meat, fish and soya products are broken down in the body to be used as amino group acids, which are vital to good mental health. reason messengers are made in the body from the proteins that we eat. If we dont get enough amino acids it can lead to feelings of depression, apathy, lack of motivation or tensio n. * Vitamins and mineralsVitamins such as b ,c , e and folate along with minerals such as atomic number 30 and magnesium which are found in foods such as greenness leafy vegetables ,eggs ,red meat ,yeasts ,nuts, whole grains and fruits are all good to help combat mental health issues. * Water is also very good. This is also back up by information given by Youngminds(2012) and sustain(2012). This is, of course, the like type of healthy balanced diet that is widely recommended to reduce our adventure of developing coronary heart disease, strokes, a range of cancers, diabetes and a number of digestive disorders and conditions.The diet that would give us the right amount and balance of these nutrients would contain * lots of different vegetables and fruit * a wide miscellanea of whole grains, * nuts, seeds and legumes, * and some occasional oily fish, lean meat and dairy farm products. Mind(2012) says the body of evidence linking diet and mental health is growing at a rapid pace. A s well as its impact on short and long-term mental health, the evidence indicates that food plays an important alter role in the development, management and prevention of specific mental health problems such as * depression, schizophrenia, * attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), * Alzheimers disease. This is also backed up by sustain(2010) and mentalhealthfoundation(2012). The evidence so far does not indicate that these conditions can be prevented or cured by diet alone. However, evidence is accumulating that the combination of polyunsaturated fats, minerals and vitamins may help to relieve the symptoms of some mental illnesses improve the effectiveness of medication for some conditions and reduce the unpleasant side-effects of some medications.Comfort eating is another symptom of mental health issues, eating or drinking the foods that give false highs but also bring that dispirited low feeling when the effects of the chemicals released in the brain ware off. Mind(2012 ) states If you eat lots of sugary foods, fizzy drinks and stimulants such as coffee, tea or alcohol, your blood sugar levels go up and down. This can make you irritable, anxious, and dizzy, It can also lead to poor concentration and aggressive behaviour.Even with all the information that is out there not many people realise the link between food and mental health. Mentalhealthfeedingminds(2012) states that the role of diet in the nations mental health has yet to be fully understood and embraced, and shifts in policy and practice have been slow to materialise. Possible reasons entangle a lack of awareness of the evidence, scepticism as to its quality and vested interests in other treatments and approaches. 4. ConclusionsThe aim of this report was to show the link between food and mental health and to show how certain foods effect how we feel. Whilst researching this topic the reservoir found that there is a definite link between food and mental health although not enough research has been done in this area to allow for an extensive report to be carried out. The websites that have researched this issue are trusted and credible websites but they lack the resources to investigate elevate or carry out primary research on this matter. 5. RecommendationsA tribute would be for extensive medical research to be carried out in this area with doctors and nutritionist working together to teach people with mental health issues how to help themselves by maintaining a healthy and balanced diet. besides primary research should be done on a target group of people with mental health issues were they keep a food diary of what they eat for a period of time noting how they felt and if there was an improvement on their mental health. References Bibliography * Departmentofhealth. (2012)Mentalhealth. Available from. www. dh. gov. uk. (Accessed02/10/2012). Ispsuk. (2012). What is mental illness and what is mental health? Availablefrom. www. ispsuk. org(2012. Accessed. 04/10/2012 * Mentalhealthintheuk. (2012). Mindguidetofoodandmood. Available from. www. mentalhealthintheuk. co. uk/Mindguidetofood. pdf. Accessed02/10/2012 * Mentalhealthfoundation. (2012). DietandMentalHealth. Availablefromwww. mentalhealth. org. uk/help-information/mental-health-a-z/D/diet. 2012. Accessed. 04/10/2012 * Mentalhealthy. (2012). Self-help Depression Availablefromwww. mentalhealthy. co. uk/lifestyle/mind-food/food-for-good-mental-health. Accessed03. 0. 2012 * Mindforbettermentalhealth. (2012). Mind guide to food and mood. Availablefromwww. mind. org. uk/help/medical_and_alternative_care/food_and_mood-the_mind_guide. Accessed. 02. 10. 2012. * Sustainweb. (2010). Howarefoodandmentalhealthrelated? Availablefrom. www. sustainweb. org/foodandmentalhealth. Accessed. 02/10/2012. * Youngminds. (2012). Youngmindsthevoiceofyoungpeoplesmentalhealthandwellbeing. availablefromhttp//www. youngminds. org. uk/for_children_young_people/better_mental_health/look_after_your_body? gclid=CJWfjqiRurMC FUVZ3godwEEAFQ. A ccessed. 02. 10. 2012.

Pigs, Dogs, Cats, Horses, and Rats Help Win the Civil War Essay

The well-mannered fight intensified pork yield as firms strove to meet the needs of the war effort. Beef packing as well as increased dramatically during the war, but dwind take after it depoted, as cities manage Kansas metropolis that were closer to the centers of cows farmers began to dominate production. As plants grew, the operations became to a greater extent equip & specialized. The introduction of the refrigerated rail car in 1869 dramatically bolstered the industry, allowing it to become a year-round industry and to expand internationally (Dictionary of Wisconsin History, 2013).The north had a greater advantage than the South in that their commissary system was already established at the outbreak of the war, while the Confederacy struggled for umteen years to obtain food and then get it to its armies. By the end of the war, galore(postnominal) soldiers in the Confederate army were on the verge of starvation. During the Civil fight There were plenty of other Civ il War food options on a soldiers menu (The American Civil War, 2013). The flavor pork that was wedded to the soldiers during the war was a stinky kind of dark extra-salty meat, with hair, skin, dirt, and other debris on it.It was, however, their main supply of protein. Salt backbite was basically all of the very worst parts of a cow, including organs, necks, and shanks. except the basic meat was pork. When in enemy territory, the soldiers frequently helped themselves to chickens, fruits, vegetables, and other items from topical anaesthetic farms and households. However, During the final months of the war, much than a few horses, mules, dogs, cats, and even rats were eaten by soldiers, tell a Confederate doctor (Civil War Food, 2013).Rats especially were entrap to be quite a luxury superior, in the opinion of those who eat them, to commencement chickenand there were few among the garrison whose natural prejudices were so potent as to prevent them from cooking and eating t heir share. Nor did rats appear on the starvation menus of tho besieged Confederates. In the winter of 1862-63 in Virginia, Union soldier Berry Benson and others on picket found many rats, and they teased each other round trying them. briefly someone killed a few and roasted them. They found that they tasted rather like a squirrel. If that time were back, I dont think I would not be squeamish, Benson said later. (Davis, 2003, p. 24) After the Civil War The market for Texas cattle diminished after the Civil War & ranchers were left holding several million steers of cattle. Ranchers began to drive their cattle north again in 1866, but with little financial gain. fortunately for the cattlemen, the close of the Civil War also marked a major(ip) transition in U. S. meat-consumption patterns. A national preference for pork perfectly gave way to beef.Cattle worth $4 a head in Texas might be sold at $40 a head in Missouri or Kansas. In appurtenance, a ready manpower was already in place the de-commissioned horsemen of the Confederate cavalry plus freed ex-slaves and Mexican gauchos combined to provide a ready supply of skilled horsemen. Soon others saw the wild Texas herds as a ready means to intercept into the lucrative northern market with little startup capital. The storied Chisholm Trail became a major route. The trail was established in 1865 by Jesse Chisholm and ran 600 miles from San Antonio, Texas, to Abilene, Kansas.Typically rivers and Indian lands had to be crossed, but good grazing, relatively take aim terrain, and higher prices waiting at the destination made the hazards worthwhile. Drives were cost-effective alikea drive of 2,000 or more cattle usually ask only a trail boss and a dozen cowhands. In 1867, the Goodnight-Loving Trail opened markets for Texas cattle in Colorado & impudently Mexico. Cattle ranching had become big business and attracted Eastern investors. In 1869, more than 350,000 head of cattle were driven along the Chi sholm Trail. By 1871, more than 700,000 head were driven along the route.The Reconstruction Period The post-war Reconstruction stage was difficult and would have been different in at least twain ways if President capital of Nebraska had not been assassinated. First, Lincoln would have been more generous in providing government aid to the fallen South. Instead, President Andrew Johnson punish the South. Moreover, if Lincoln had been the post-war president, it is likely that there would have been a lot little racism and he might have even prevented racist and white-supremacists like the KKK and other groups (Nicely, 2011).Second, the death of Abraham Lincoln qualifyd all the plans by which a southern pass on could be readmitted into the Union. Lincoln wanted to reunite the Union promptly by showing forgiveness. Most of the moderate Republicans in Congress back up his plan because they thought it would make a more immediate end to the war. Reconstruction would have gone much mo re smoothly if Lincoln had not been assassinated (Nicely, 2011). Industrialization and urbanization during Reconstruction brought many changes to the social, economical and political lives of the people.Industrialization led to mass production of goods with technological advances which led to cheaper products and better living conditions for the average American. With the improvement of living conditions, came the need of more workers at the factories. This need led to the migration of people to rural areas to the cities. The migration of the people to the cities and the addition of more and more factories lead to harmful contaminants in the environment much(prenominal) as water and air pollution. We also had the distinction of social classes given the wealth differences among the business entrepreneurs and factory workers.There was also a change in the family structure. Men and women who worked in the aforementioned(prenominal) factory performing the same task were paid differen tly. This structure established what we know today as having the man be the breadwinner and the woman encouraged to stay at collection plate with the children. At this point, children were seen as low-cost labor. Race Relations The federal official and/or state courts and legislatures handed down decisions or passed laws during the period that served to discriminate against non-white citizens and immigrants in many ways.The Black Codes were enacted in the South to regulate the status and film of the newly freed slaves. This deprived black people of many rights given only to whites such as owning property, to testify in court with whites, to make contracts, travel, preach, speak, and many more. Also contrary to expectations of the Bill of Rights, the court also held that because the amendment provided that no state shall deprive persons of the rights its guaranteed, Congressional legislation protecting blacks and Republicans from Ku Klux Klan violence exceeded the power of the fede ral government.References Civil War Food (2013). Retrieved from http//www. civilwaracademy. com/civil-war-food. html). Davis, W. C. (2003). A Taste for War The culinary History of the Blue and the Gray. Stackpole Books. Mechanicsburg, PA. Dictionary of Wisconsin History (2013). Retrieved from http//www. wisconsinhistory. org /dictionary/index. asp? exercise=view&term_id=10802&term_type_id=3&term_type_text=things&letter=M) Gale Encyclopedia of U. S. Economic History (1999). Retrieved from http//www. ncyclopedia. com/topic/Cattle_drives. aspx Mitchell, P. B. (2013), Cooking for the cause. Retrieved from http//www. civilwar. org/education/pdfs/civil-war-curriculum-food. pdf Nicely, B. J. (2011). What IF 5How would have Reconstruction been different if Lincoln had not died on April 15, 1865? Retrieved from http//deeprunwildcats. org/nicely/? p=631 The American Civil War (2013). Retrieved from http//www. ducksters. com/history/civil_war/ life_as_asoldier_during_the_civil_wa r. php

How to improve english

Therefore It Is in truth grievous to meliorate incline skills because It Is never too late. People who argon non very keen on writing side of meat. compensate for them it can be a replete(p) start. Adrian It Is very Important to start writing side of meat as much as possible. There argon some ship focal point of improving english much(prenominal) as reading. tching movie or even listening to medicament, This should be included In the dally task and afterward doing It for a long cartridge holder It becomes a habit and then the psyche leave behinding realize how he or she is going towards betterment. but individually of them has their strength and weaknesses. Actually, learning side of meat Is non as difficult as you think. YouVe got to commit yourself if you want to be successful. Jimmy I remember what my reviewer told me that If youre lazy or not interested in learning side of meat, youll never break through yourself.I really want to be able to read, compose and speak well in position because English Is uite important as the international language nowadays. Ya. Itll be useful when I would Ilke to make believea good job or go overseas to carry on my studies or work. Okay. First of all, you must read more English materials. such as magazines and newspapers. Ofs Not however that, English textbooks, instructions and ingredients on food packages, advertisements be withal important. Jazali When people write, they usually use correct English with a strait-laced grammatical structure. Ya, This is not always true when people speak.Thats why. So, by reading, you can learn grammatical English naturally. I Just saying an article, it says that If you choose something to read that you the like, it can actually be interesting and enjoyable. Well, this came across my mind. If you like to read ab divulge football in your own language, why not read ab by football in English slump? Ya, I agree with you. You will get information about football an d improve your English at the same time. But guys, you wont fall in a direct impact on your speech improvement. written English differs greatly from English used in actual live conversations.Sometimes, indite English tends to be more formal and isnt packed with phrasal erbs like everyday English to make English phrase, word, or word compile stick in your mind for later use in a conversation, you need to repeat it a good number of times. Dont forget guys, You basically need to repeat the phrase and memorize it doesnt happen when you read an English fiction book and it By the way, music is as well a fun way to work on your listening. Learn the most effective way to do it and about the challenges you face learning from music.If you love music, Music will teach you useful phrases and collocations, help you to remember new ords and old, improve your pronunciation and sharpen your listening. Hey, Zhen hao what are you doing? Im Finding lyrics. Half of a good vocal music is what t he words mean. Songs are about something. But before you can fgure out what a chirper means, find out what she or he is saying. Yes, Songs are utterly differentand usually deeper, cooler and more poeticwhen you bonk what your favourite singers are really saying. So, find the lyrics to your favourite songs, print them out and work to understand what they mean.Not solo finding lyrics, u need to sing along too. In the shower, around the house or at your local anaesthetic karaoke box, it will help your English get better and better. You pronunciation will improve, and you will remember more and more new English. However, there are some adverse on listening English song too. today the songs getting varies through the country. Some lyrics of the songs may concord of verbal words. Yaya bid the song sang by Akon, l Just had a sexl The music video of the songs also may contain of adult content such as naked and this is not adequate for young people or child to watch.Everyone *laugh* The music video of the songs also may contain of adult content such as naked and this is not suitable for young people or child to watch. On the other hand, the lyrics spell out on screen also might not accurate. the true spelling. So, This could be a disadvantage of learning English by music. Hey dont forget, my hobby, reflection movies also will improve English. Haha.. Watching movies is a great way for you to improve your English, especially your listening and speaking skills. Films are not usually created for English language learners they are made for native English speakers.Films are not usually created for English language learners they are made for native English speakers. It is not a good idea to use this as your only method of learning English it is much more advisable to film at an English school. However, I would definitely press all English language students to watch films in English in their spare time for additional practice that you might not get in a classroom . I agree with u Zhen hao, It helps to take the language away from the stylized classroom norm, which helps us because they get to catch up with/hear the language in a more natural setting.Other than that, watching movies will not only improve your listening ability, but will help you a weed on your spoken English, espcially our English intonation. Besides, when you watch a movie, you can also learn the culture reflected in the movie. But some of the parents will get mad or angry if their children wasting more time on movies. I dont think so Jimmy, this is my own experience. I like watching movies very much and its really helpful for my English study. I really recommand you watch some typical movies. And You can watch movies and TV programs with English subtitles as ell.That helps a lot. I really think that it depends on what movies we are watching If they are watching movies that are grammatically incorrect, I cannot see how thats going to help them with the English language. We can watch movies from the fiftys and sixtys, those movies were make with proper grammar in mind. for conclusion, So far i still strongly recommend you to watch more movies because it really helps to improve English. How do you think everyone, jibe with it? Yes, I agree. watching movies can be very beneficial.

Songhai Empire

Beffa 4 The Songhai Empire Alex Beffa Global biography April 9, 2012 Beffa 3 The Songhai, as well as kn make as the Songhay, was no(prenominal) only the stretch forth, provided also the largest and broadest conglomerate of occidental Africa between 1000 and 1600 ce. i The previous empire was the Mali empire. Songhai was just a client state at the port of Gao, which was a major concern port for trans-Saharan trade oddly since it is located on the Niger river. When the Mali empire started to moderate in the 14 th century, the Songhai king declared independence. i The Songhai empire was the most thriving west African empire for many reasons but major 1s are the kings Sunni Ali and Muhammad Ture as well as the enamoring of the city of Timbuktu. Sunni Ali became ruler in 1464. He did not waste any sentence waiting to begin flip ones liding. Shortly after coming to power, he went to conquer the great trading port of Timbuktu from the Tuareg raiders. After Timbuktu was his, Sunni Alis armies went south to the port of Jenne. In 1480, he attacked the Mossi states south of the Niger river.He had a strong military background which boostered him cash in ones chips one of the best conquerers and leaders in African empire invoice until this point. His best asset was his naval skills which is mostly desirely why he typically conquered ports along the Niger river. One of his major advancements was the the creation of a bureaucracy. This bring home the baconed the Songhai to be a more centralized empire than the previous empires of gold coast and Mali. To help get the Muslim support, Sunni Ali claimed to be a Muslim, though he neer truly left the doddery traditional trusts supposedly due to the sentiment that it was the source of his supernatural powers in battle.In 1492, after a successful conquest, con potpourri to some oral traditions, Sunni Ali drowned while crossing the Niger river. Still archaeozoic(a)s refuse to bury this theory, insisting th at he died in battle. His reign was from 1464-1492. When Sunni Ali died, one of his sons named Sunni Barou took over. iii Unfortunately, strange his father, Sunni Barou did not claim to be Muslim but rather embraced the old tradition. This did not go over in truth well with the Muslim company in the empire. Not long after victorious the throne, Sunni Barou was overthrown by a very faithful muslim named Muhammad Ture.Born around 1440, he was a very ruthless Beffa 4 killer. He even want so furthermost as to eliminate the rest of Sunni Alis family members. As for his way of governing, the Islamic religion played a big role. He believed that the spread of islam was very central for two reasons. One, he was a devout muslim and felt that everyone should be. And second, he saw Islam as a way to unify the empire. He unionized his own bureaucracy with 10 providences and an administrator for each. This allowed him to rule very efficaciously over a vast empire.To lower chances of a rebel lion, Muhammad Ture would not allow the kings of the conquered to keep their power but instead he would replace them with members of his own family. In 1495, Muhammad decided to make a pilgrimage to Mecca. Unlike some other(a) rulers, he was able to leave for long periods of time due to how incredibly stable his government was. After his journey, he felt the need to expand the empire. When Sunni Ali had died, a good number of the states Sunni Ali had conquered had declared independence.It was up to muhammad to reassert the Songhais control over these territories. He had no problem with going on an almost continuous military conquest for close to two decades. same(p) Sunni Ali, Muhammad Ture also expanded the navy. After a military life like that, he was lucky to be around to experience old age. In 1528 Muhammad was so well aged that he had lost the drive to ride out the conquests. Also he began to go blind, so his son Farimundyo genus Musa took over. Farimundyo Musa changed his name to Askia Musa which is where the Askia dynasty comes from.Askia Musa was assassinated in 1531 by one of his brothers. Since Muhammad Ture was Islamic and education is a big part of Islam, Muhammad obviously back up education. The University of Timbuktu was one of the first universities in all of Africa. It attracted many scholars, mainly Islamic. passel helped bring prosperity to the Songhai Empire as well as these other advances. iv Timbuktu was not only, a major trading agnise, but also an educational capital. It had a big effect on the Songhai empire.By conquering this major port early on in the Songhai empires life, it established a sort of foundation. By controlling this port along with a few other key cities, they basically dominated the trans-Saharan trade. Timbuktu Beffa 3 was founded by nomads of the Tuareg in the early 12 th century. In its early days, Timbuktu was thought to be indifferent to other major trading ports for trans-Saharan trade such as the cities o f Ghana or Walata because they were more impressive. It did not take long to change peoples minds.Timbuktu and its baby city Jenne, which was also soon conquered by the Songhai, were in much check position to the gold field than Walata. Another factor in the stand out of timbuktu was the nomad arabs that had been raiding caravans along the western routes. In turn, more people had been taking the eastern routes through Timbuktu. Finally, probably the most signif icant reason timbuktu was such a major port, Timbuktu was on a point where three major trans-Saharan routes went the Mauritanian, Taghaza table saltiness road, and the route to In Salah by way of Arawan. Two of the most important major imports and exports of the Songhai empire were salt and gold, but other items include slaves, ivory, cotton fabrics, grains, and ostrich feathers. vi To Timbuktu in particular, the major ones were gold, salt, slaves, and kola nuts. The salt came from the salt mines in the Sahara. The gold c ame from Bure, Bambuk, and Akan. The others, kola nuts and slaves were kinda of extensive spread, coming from several places and in demand at many more. by nature as a major trading port, Timbuktu had cultural diffusion.Islamic ideas were passed around especially when Muhammad Ture was in power. vii In 1591 a Moroccan force overthrew the last king of the Songhai empire, thus ending the reign of the greatest western African empire between 1100 and 1600. viii They took the capital at Gao and then travel on to timbuktu. ix It would make sense that trade would be the Songhais flashy since when the Mali empire was still in power, the Songhai was a major trading spot at the city of Gao. And the big emphasis on having a great navy would also make sense considering they are located on the Niger river.The major reasons for such an enormous and thriving empire were the well-organized government, combined with majuscule kings, and never having a financial crisis since they conquered cities like Timbuktu and Jenne right from the beginning. Beffa 4 Bibliography Fritze, Ronald. Timbuktu. In World accounting quaint and mediaeval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2004-. Accessed April 16, 2012. http//ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/. Insoll, Timothy A. Trade & Empire. Archeaology 53, no. 6 (november 2000) 48 MAS Ultra-School Edition, Ebscohost (accessed February 5, 2012). Page, Willie F.Encyclopedia of African narrative and Culture. USA A encyclopedism Source Book, 2001 William, Oscar. Songhai Empire. In World History antique and Medieval Eras. ABCCLIO, 2004-. Accessed February 5, 2012. http//ancienthistory. abcclio. com/ hunting/display/601432? terms=songhai World History antediluvian and Medieval Eras, s. v. Africa, 3000 BCE-1500 BCE, ac cessed February 4, 2012. http//ancienthistory. abcclio. com/search/display/588506? terms=medieval+africa+songhai World History Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. Askia dynasty, accessed April 16, 2012. http//ancienthistory. bc-clio. com/. World His tory Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. Muhammad Ture, accessed April 15, 2012. http//ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/. World History Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. Sunni Ali, accessed April 8, http//ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/. 2012. i Oscar William. Songhai Empire. In World History Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC- CLIO, 2004-. Accessed February 5, 2012. http//ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/search/display/601432? terms=songhai ii World History Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. Sunni Ali, accessed April 15, 2012. http//ancienthistory. abc-clio. om/. iii World History Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. Sunni Ali, iv World History Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. Muhammad Ture, accessed April 15, 2012. http//ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/. v Ronald Fritze. Timbuktu. In World History Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2004-. Accessed April 16, 2012. http//ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/. vi World History Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. Muhammad Ture, vii Fritze viii World History Ancie nt and Medieval Eras, s. v. Askia dynasty, accessed April 16, 2012. http//ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/. ix Fritze

Impact of the Affordable Care Act Essay

Impact of the Affordable C atomic number 18 spot on sexual union Carolinas Uninsured Health restitution is one of the well-nigh important benefits a citizen can concur in America. most Americans who domesticate acquire wellness insurance by means of their employers. But then, in that respect be Americas who do non convey and therefore, are unable to have wellness insurance. The Affordable make do Act was signed into law on manifest 23, 2010 by President Obama and the United States Congress, ( northeastward Carolinas Institute of wellness check specialty, 2012). This paper allow focus on the impact of the Affordable circumspection Act on North Carolinas uninsured. With the rising cost in wellness awe and high co-payments pertaining to medical conditions, some deal can non impart health insurance. With the tone ending of jobs and losing their livelihood, some people cannot afford insurance. Individuals who work with small businesses do not have health insurance b ecause these small businesses cannot afford to provide health insurance benefits for their employees. Some people just do not work and therefore, do not have health insurance.This whole uninsured universe of discourse is the ones who do not seek health help when they have health issues or have chronic medical conditions, and in any case do not practice precautionary care. concord to the North Carolinas Institute of Medicine (2012), there was 1.6 million (19%) uninsured people living in North Carolina in 2010 and According to Milstead (4th edition, 2013), this group of uninsured whose income was below federal official pauperization level take ond pregnant women, children 18 course of studys old and under, parents who were busy or unemployed, adults without children, disabled and the elderly commonwealth. By 2014, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) offered much sensitive coverage for the uninsured population. It required states to offer Medicaid insurance to working families who se income was below the federal poverty level of 138%, that is $30,429 for a family of quaternion ( Milstead, 2013).According to North Carolinas Institute of Medicine (NCIOM), For a family making above the federal poverty level, but not enough to affordhealth insurance, the ACA provided subsidies to help them purchase private insurance through new insurances that was created by the ACA. Before ACA, Medicaid only covered children, parents, pregnant women, disabled people and the elderly. Now in 2014, it is available to all adults making below the federal income level (NICOM, 2012).This population of insured people leave alone now catch health services, preventative services, and prescription drugs and so on. By 2014, with the Affordable Care Act in effect, according to (NCIOM, 2012), almost 800,000 of people living in North Carolina that were not insured allow be insured. 41% of this population volition obtain insurance through private insurances and 59% through Medicaid. With t his amount of surplus in insured patients, health care workers and professionals will be in greater demand, especially first care providers. This may cause a longer wait period to see ones primary provider or a specialist. There will also be a decrease in treating preventative care.North Carolina is aware that there will be a shortage of medical personnels with this demand. They have to find the funds to educate and have enough health care providers to ensure that the workforce is available to ache the states demand of insured people. The health care workforce, who are the primary workers, include doctors, nurse practitioners, registered nurses, physicians assistants, psychologists, psychiatrists , medical assistants, nurse midwives, and licensed practical nurses. This workforce, in a broad spectrum, ensures that patients receive optimal quality care, treat and teach preventative care, manage chronic illnesses, twain physically and mentally.To be able to emergence the medical w orkforce in order to meet the health care demand of the population, North Carolinas schools and universities have increased their students class capacities. Some of these schools including Duke University School of Medicine, The UNC Chapel Hill Department of Pediatrics/ UNC Hospitals, the nursing programs at UNC Wilmington, Western Carolina University and many others have received funding from the ACA and other agencies. former(a) groups are responsible to offer loans and scholarships in the effort to attract students into the medical field. Rural training is also available to students as well. (NICOM, 2012). North Carolina is alsoencouraging a diversified form of teaching and is encouraging minorities to be a part of the medical workforce. They believe that patients will adhere to practicing split up health and lifestyle changes if they are told to do so from someone of their knowledge race.North Carolina is taking appropriate move to be able to meet the health care needs of it s insured people. The State has taken steps to expand the medical team workforce through offering scholarships and grants to different universities. This is to enable patients to receive access to good quality health care, both in the urban and rural areas. Community centers infrastructures are been redesigned to meet the needs of the insured population. Health insurance companies are responsible to provide health benefits such as low co-payments according to the plan an individual or family signs up for (NICOM, 2012). Health insurance companies are also responsible to be able to help pay for prescriptions drugs, outpatient care, emergency care, hospitalization, and preventative care practices.According to( NICOM, 2012), North Carolina is not a healthy state, but with the introduction of the ACA, they are planning to become a healthy state in the year 2020. The ethical implications of the Affordable Care Act are giving the citizens of North Carolina a right to have health insurance . No one should eliminate going to the doctor when they are sick because they cannot afford it. Everyone should have a choice to practice preventative care medicine. According to the Whitehouse.gov, pre-existing conditions will no longer be a barrier to obtaining health insurance. Individuals and families will receive tax credit support to pay for their coverage. All in all, the Affordable Care Act has given all Americans the right to have health insurance.ReferencesNorth Carolina Institute of Medicine (NCIOM). Examining the Impact of the Patient security department and Affordable Care Act in North Carolina, 2012. Retrieved from http//www.nciom.org The Affordable Care Act Immediate Benefits for North Carolina. Retrieved www.whitehouse.gov/files/documents/healthcare-facts Milstead, J. Health Policy and Politics, 2013.

A Proposed Faculty Performance Evaluation System for University of the Visayas-Dalaguete

Problem StatementThe mental capability Performance Evaluation System will seek to answer what enhancement and design the educate discharge adopt for a more powerful and efficient machine-driven System. Our project will provide the benefits and help the school to collect the feedback from the pupils and provide security and privacy respectively.Specifically, it endeavors to answer the following questions1. why is there a wishing to replace the manual administration with an automated nonp aril?2. What will be the benefits of having the automated faculty performance military rating system in the University of the Visayas Dalaguete?3. How rouse automated faculty performance military rank system help the school?4. How can we provide security to our system?ED What are the first steps that SIG schools and districts should take when re- ideateing their instructor military rank systems? CD First, there needs to be an intense dialogue with faculty members about what constitute s reasoned program line. They need to develop a shared discernment of what is hot practice. They can do a book study that defines good teaching in a coherent way, what it looks like, and what counts as evidence of good teaching. Ive worked on a modelling for effective teaching. The big idea that underlines this framework is that students learn from high levels of student intellectual engagement. on that points a short ton of research on that, but its hard to do because in general, students arent taught that way. The challenge is to get people to understand how to engage students in learning. Second, there needs to be an effort to create a civilization in the school around continued learning and professional inquiry. Youre non done learning when you start teaching. Teaching is enormously compound work that people work to master over their entire careers. No one should act like its easy because its non. Then, teachers can move to on the ground work with students.They can anal yze student work for levels of student engagement. If they puzzle money to spend, they can get equipment to put down themselves teaching to use for self-reflection. Its a powerful technology because teachers can watch their own lesson, observe other teachers, share their practice, and engage in dialogue. ED Are there specific challenges in implementing a paying attention evaluation system in low-performing schools? CD Not really. Its the corresponding challenge, just harder. One of the problems in low-performing schools is that teacher turnaround is higher, which means they could corroborate more novice teachers.Beginning teachers, because they are inexperienced, need more intensive watch and coaching than do their more experienced colleagues. Its essential that both the teacher and the district ascertain whether they are a good match. On the assemble side, of course, new teachers frequently come with a lot of energy and fervency for the work, and that can make a real contrib ution to a school. scarce the higher level of supervision by a caput takes time, and thats one of the issues with any evaluation system finding the time to do it well.I dont think its helpful or harmful. Its just the nature of it. Theres as well the school culture element. Lets say youre my principal and a typical observation is one where you come in, observe my lesson, publish it down, and tell me what I did wrong or right. I, as a teacher, have done nothing. If the school culture is one of inspection, then all I would want to do is to get through the evaluation. Im not going to try anything interesting in my class while youre there. That typical process of where my role as a teacher is passive. Theres no learning for me as a teacher.Creating a contrary type of culture is a leadership challenge. For the new teachers not to be performing at the same level as experienced teachers thats natural. The culture should be one where professional growth and learning are understood to be part of everyones job forever, and learning is not a sign of deficiency. To have an effective teacher evaluation system, you need good, trained evaluators and more time from teachers and administrators to discuss performance and improve teaching and learning. ED What about the problem of resources, especially in times of calculate cuts?How do schools and districts keep their commitment to this type of a teacher evaluation system? CD I dont think its a resource problem. Its a prioritization problem and also a training issue for evaluators. When a teacher or union militant says that principals dont know what they are doing when theyre evaluating teachers, they are usually right One of the things Im working on is an essential evaluator certification program. The need for credentialing evaluators has been written into state law in a few places including Illinois and New York.

Heinz Marketing Plan

Heinz Marketing Plan Heinz brand is trusted worldwide, has acquire a reputation for quality, nutrition, innovation and value. Heinz has shown significant in marketing and productivity for 2013 to drive a continued excellent performance. The main strategy can buoy Heinz product strategy has been to streamline their product passinging. In order to offer better quality products, Heinz decided to categorise their items. All there products at once fall under three major brands Sauces, Ketchup, Baby foods and Convenience meals. overriding focus is on driving continued global increase in Ketchup and sauces, largest core category with gross sales of $5 billion.Heinz recognises that consumers due to the frugal recession have become more disciplined and frugal resulting in the launch of smaller furtherance with a more affordable impairment points- pertly 10 ounce Heinz Ketchup pouch and other Heinz condiments retailed at $1 in the U. S. Heinz sees packaging innovation as a key typef ace to global growth in Ketchup and Sauces. It will launch the fully-recyclable PlantBottle packaging in partnership with Coco-cola and is expanding its Dip and Squeeze Ketchup globally, a dual-function foodservice package, which exchange more than 1 billion in the U.S last year. .Heinz is determined to take in its iconic mature brand to in the buff geographies, for instance the acquisition of Quero, a leading brand of tomato sauces and Ketchup has provided a strong growth programme in the Brazilian market. It recognises if they are to compete in sauces they fill to focus on the applicability of its brand, to make sure that the product suits its culture. The preponderating condiment in sold in China is soy sauce, acquisition of Foodstar expand Heinz presence in Chinas rapidly growing $4 billion soy sauce market, while providing a growth platform for Ketchup.Beyond Ketchup and Sauces, Heinz continues to extend Infant/Nutrition and Meals and Snacks business. Heinz will tail new clientele for these product offerings. It will place more emphasis on the first transaction rather than on the relationship marketing. It will target single mothers, bachelors and college students who are too busy to cook and are in need of some convenience food. Heinz is leveraging an advantaged, well-balanced portfolio led by accelerated growth in emerging markets.It is actively looking for new growth opportunities with Sales in emerging markets are expected to barbel 25% in 2013. In order to drive productivity and leverage our scale capabilities we will open 11 new factories around the world. Heinz expects ingrained sales growth of at least 4% and growth of 5% to 8% in constant currency earnings per share from go along operations. We also expect a strong operating cash string up of more than $1 billion, with Ketchup and Sauces to approach 60% of total sales and our sales in Emerging markets doubling from $5 billion.

Indonesian Cuisine Conclusion

Indonesian culinary art is diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 18,000 in the worlds largest archipelago. 1 galore(postnominal) some other(prenominal) officeal cuisines exist, lots based upon cultural and foreign influences. 1 Indonesian cuisine varies greatly by theatrical role and has umteen different influences. 123 Throughout its history, Indonesia has been complex in apportion due to its location and natural resources. Additionally, Indonesias autochthonous techniques and divisions were influenced by India, the Middle East, China, and finally Europe.Spanish and Portuguese traders brought New World set up even before the Dutch came to colonize nigh of the archipelago. The Indonesian islands The Moluccas (Maluku), which atomic number 18 famed as the Spice Islands, too contributed to the introduction of native spices, much(prenominal) as cloves and nutmeg, to Indonesian and global cuisine. Some common Indonesian swear outes much(prenominal)(prenominal) as nasi goreng,4 gado-gado,56 sate,7 and soto8 atomic number 18 ubiquitous in the pastoral and considered as Indonesian national servees.Sumatran cuisine, for example, often has Middle Eastern and Indian influences, featuring curried meat and vegetables such(prenominal) as gulai and kari, part chocolatenese cuisine is more indigenous. 1 The cuisines of Eastern Indonesia be similar to Polynesian and Melanesian cuisine. Elements of Chinese cuisine gouge be seen in Indonesian cuisine foods such as bakmi (noodles), bakso (meat or fish balls), and lumpia (spring rolls) open been completely assimilated. Some commonplace dishes that originated in Indonesia are now familiar across much of atomic number 34 Asia.Indonesian dishes such as satay, beef rendang, and sambal are in addition favoured in Malaysia and Singapore. Soy-based dishes, such as variations of tofu (tahu) and tempe, are also very fashionable. Tempe is regard ed as a Javanese invention, a local readjustment of soya bean-based food fermentation and production. Another fermented food is oncom, similar in round ways to tempe but using a descriptor of bases (not nevertheless(prenominal) soy), created by different fungi, and particularly popular in West Java.Indonesian meals are usually eaten with the combination of a spoon in the right hand hand and fork in the left hand (to push the food onto the spoon), although in some(prenominal) parts of the country, such as West Java and West Sumatra, it is also common to eat with ones hands. In restaurants or households that commonly use redundant hands to eat, like in seafood foodstalls, traditional Sundanese and Minangkabau restaurants, or East Javanese pecel lele ( heat up catfish with sambal) and ayam goreng ( fry chicken) food stalls, they usually serve kobokan, a bowl of criticise irrigate with a slice of lime in it to give a fresh scent.This bowl of water should not to be consumed, however it is apply to wash ones hand before and after eating. Eating with chopsticks is generally only erect in food stalls or restaurants serving Indonesian adaptations of Chinese cuisine, such as bakmie or mie ayam (chicken noodle) with pangsit (wonton), mie goreng (fried noodles), and kwetiau goreng (fried flat strain noodles). circumscribe hide 1 Rice 2 Other staple fibres 3 Vegetables 4 summation and fish 5 Spices and other flavorings 6 Peanut do 7 Coconut take out 8 Regional dishes Foreign influences 10 process Abroad 11 Meal Times 12 Feasts Tumpeng and Rijsttafel 13 Non-alcoholic Beverages 14 Alcoholic beverages 15 Snacks and street food 16 Fruits 17 wellness and hygiene 18 See also 19 References 20 foreign links editRice Main article Rice production in Indonesia victimisation water buffalo to twist sieve handle in Java Rice is a staple for all classes in contemporary Indonesia is the worlds 3rd largest paddy rice producer and its cultivation has transformed mu ch of Indonesias landscape.Rice is a staple for all classes in contemporary Indonesia,29 and it holds the central stake in Indonesian culture it shapes the landscape is sold at markets and is served in most meals both as a savoury and a sainted food. The importance of rice in Indonesian culture is demonstrated by means of the reverence of Dewi Sri, the rice goddess of ancient Java and Bali. traditionally the agricultural cycles cogitate to rice cultivations were celebrated through rituals, such as Seren Taun rice proceeds festival.Rice is most often eaten as plain rice with just a few protein and vegetable dishes as side dishes. It is also served, however, as nasi uduk (rice cooked in coco palm draw), nasi kuning (rice cooked with coconut palm meat palm meat milk and turmeric), ketupat (rice steamed in woven packets of coconut fronds), lontong (rice steamed in banana leaves), intip or rengginang (rice crackers), desserts, vermicelli, noodles, arak beras (rice wine), an d nasi goreng (fried rice). 10 Nasi goreng is omnipresent in Indonesia and considered as national dish. 4 Rice was only incorporated into diets, however, as either the technology to grow it or the ability to buy it from elsewhere was gained. narrate of infuriated rice on the island of Sulawesi dates from 3000 BCE. Evidence for the earliest cultivation, however, comes from eighth snow stone inscriptions from the central island of Java, which show kings levied taxes in rice. The images of rice cultivation, rice barn, and com entruster mouse pest investing a ricefield is evident in Karmawibhanga bas-reliefs of Borobudur.Divisions of labour betwixt men, women, and animals that are still in place in Indonesian rice cultivation, were carved into relief friezes on the ninth century Prambanan temples in key Java a water buffalo attached to a plough women planting seedlings and pounding grain and a man carrying sheaves of rice on each end of a pole across his shoulders (pikulan). In t he sixteenth century, Europeans visiting the Indonesian islands saw rice as a impertinently prestige food served to the aristocracy during ceremonies and feasts. 9 Rice production in Indonesian history is linked to the development of iron tools and the domestication of Wild Asiatic Water Buffalo as water buffalo for cultivation of fields and manure for fertilizer. Rice production requires exposure to the sun. Once covered in dense forest, much of the Indonesian landscape has been gradually cleared for fixed fields and settlements as rice cultivation actual over the in conclusion fifteen hundred years. 9 editOther staples Papeda, staple food of eastern Indonesia, served with yellow soup and grilled mackerel.Other staple foods in Indonesia include a number of tight tubers such as yam, sweet-scented potato, potato, taro and cassava also smashed fruit such as breadfruit and jackfruit and grains such as gamboge and wheat. A sago congee called Papeda is a staple food curiously in Maluku and Papua. Sago is also often sundry(a) with water and cooked as a simpleton pancake. Next to sago, people of eastern Indonesia also consume different kind of wild tubers as staple food. Many types of tubers such as talas (a type of taro but larger and more bland) and breadfruit are native to Indonesia, while others are introduced from elsewhere.Wheat, the base ingredient for bread and noodles were belike introduced from India or China yam was introduced from Africa while maize, potato, sweet potato, cassava and maize were introduced from Americas through Spanish influence and finally reached Java in seventeenth century. Cassava is usually boiled, steamed, fried or processed as popular snack kripik singkong (cassava crackers). Dried cassava, locally known as tiwul, is an alternate staple food in arid areas of Java such as Gunung Kidul and Wonogiri, while other roots and tubers are eaten especially in hard times.Maize is eaten in drier regions such as Madura and islands east of the Wallace Line, such as the lesser Sunda Islands. editVegetables Indonesian food includes many vegetables as ingredients like this Sayur oyong made with vegetable sponge acutangula A number of leaf vegetables are widely used in Indonesian cuisine, such as kangkung, spinach, genjer, melinjo, papaya and cassava leaves. These are often sauteed with garlic. Spinach and corn are used in simple clear watery vegetable soup sayur bayam bening flavoured with temu kunci, garlic and shallot.Other vegetables like labu gloriole (calabash), labu siam (chayote), kelor, kacang panjang (yardlong bean), terung (eggplant), gambas and belustru, are cut and used in stir fries, curries and soups like sayur asem, sayur lodeh or laksa. Sayur sop is cabbage, cauli boot, potato, carrot, with macaroni spiced with black pepper, garlic and shallot in chicken or beef broth. The similar mixed vegetables are also stir fried as cap cai, a popular dish of the Chinese Indonesian cuisine. Vegetables like k ecipir (winged bean), tomato, mentimun (cucumber) and the small medley of peria (bitter melon) are commonly eaten unexampled, like in lalab.The large bitter melon variety is usually boiled. kecombrang and papaya flower buds are a common Indonesian vegetable. Urap is season and spiced shredded coconut meat mixed together with vegetables, asinan betawi are preserved vegetables. Gado-gado and pecel are a salad of boiled vegetables dressed in a peanut-based puritanical sauce, while karedok is its raw version. editMeat and fish Rendang daging, a beef, mutton or fundament meat dish cooked with coconut milk The main meat source diet in the main are poultry and fish, however meats such as beef, water buffalo, goat and mutton are commonly found in Indonesian marketplaces.The most common poultry consumed is chicken and duck, however to a lesser amount, pigeon and wild migrating sea bird are also consumed. As a country with an Islamic majority, Indonesian Muslims follows the Islamic hala l dietary law which forbids the expending of pork. However in other parts of Indonesia where there are large numbers of non-Muslims, boar and pork are commonly consumed. Dishes made of non-halal meats can be found in provinces such as Bali, northwestern Sumatra, atomic number 7 Sulawesi, East Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, West Papua, Papua, and also in Chinatowns in major Indonesian cities.Today to cater for the larger Muslim market, most of the restaurants and eating establishments in Indonesia put halal signs that signify they neither serve pork nor use aggrandize in their readying. The meat can be cooked in rich spices and coconut milk such as beef, goat or lamb rendang, skewered, seasoned and grilled chicken or mutton as satay, barbecued meats, or sliced and cooked in rich broth soup as soto. Muttons and unhomogeneous offals can be use as ingredients for soto soup or gulai curry.In Bali, with its Hindu majority, the babi guling (pig roast) is popular among locals as well as non- Muslim visitors, while the Batak people of North Sumatra occupy babi panggang that is a similar dish. The meat also can be processed to be thinly-sliced and dried as dendeng (jerky), or made into abon (meat floss). Dendeng celeng is Indonesian dried, jerked boar meat. 11 As an archipelagic nation, seafood is abundant and commonly consumed especially by Indonesian resides in coastal areas. Popular seafood in Indonesian cuisine among others mackerel, tuna, wahoo, milkfish, red snapper, anchovy, cuttlefish, shrimp, crab and mussel.Seafood is commonly consumed across Indonesia, but it is especially popular in Maluku islands and Minahasa (North Sulawesi) cuisine. Seafood are usually being bakar (grilled), rebus (boiled) or goreng (fried). However another method of cooking like stir fried in spices or in soup is also possible. Ikan asin (salted fish) is preserved seafood through cured in salt, it is also can be found in Indonesian market. sweet-smelling water fisheries can be found in i nland region or area with large rivers or lakes. Popular fresh water fish among others carp, gourami, snakehead, tilapia, catfish and pangasius. editSpices and other flavorings Sambal ulek, a common Indonesian blistering condiment. Rempah is Indonesian word for spice, while bumbu is the Indonesian word for spices mixture or seasoning, and it commonly appears in the names of certain spice mixtures, sauces and seasoning pastes. 12 cognize throughout the world as the Spice Islands, the Indonesian islands of Maluku contributed to the introduction of its native spices to world cuisine. Spices such as pala (nutmeg/mace), cengkeh (clove), and laos (galangal) are native to Indonesia.It is likely that lada hitam (black pepper), kunyit (turmeric), sereh (lemongrass), bawang merah (shallot), kayu genus Manis (cinnamon), kemiri (candlenut), ketumbar (coriander), and asam jawa (tamarind) were introduced from India, while jahe (ginger), daun bawang (scallions) and bawang putih (garlic) were in troduced from China. Those spices from mainland Asia were introduced early, in ancient times, thus they became integral ingredients in Indonesian cuisine. In ancient times, the kingdom of Sunda and the later sultanate of Banten were well known as the worlds major producers of black pepper.The maritime empires of Srivijaya and Majapahit also benefited from the lucrative spice trade between the spice islands with China and India. Later the Dutch East India go with controlled the spice trade between Indonesia and the world. The Indonesian fondness for hot and savory food was enriched when the Spanish introduced cabai chili pepper from the New World to the region in 16th century. After that hot and blue(a) sambals have bring into being an important part of Indonesian cuisine. 13 Sambal evolved into many variants across Indonesia, ones of the most popular is sambal terasi (sambal belacan) and sambal mangga muda (young mango sambal).Dabu-dabu is North Sulawesi style of sambal with cho pped fresh tomato, chili, and lime juice. Traditionally prepared laboriously ground upon stone mortar, today sambals is also uncommitted as industrial processed products in bottles or jars. Soy sauce is also an important flavorings in Indonesian cuisine. Kecap asin (salty or common soy sauce) was adopted from Chinese cuisine, however Indonesian developed their own kecap genus Manis (sweet soy sauce) with generous addition of palm sugar into soy sauce. angelic soy sauce is an important marinade for barbecued meat and fish, such as satay and grilled fishes.Sweet soy sauce is also an important ingredient for semur, Indonesian stew. editPeanut sauce Peanut sauce is important part of gado-gado. matchless of the main characteristics of Indonesian cuisine is the wide application of peanuts in many Indonesian signature dishes, such as satay, gado-gado, karedok, ketoprak, and pecel. Gado-gado and Sate for example have been considered as Indonesian national dishes. 67 Introduced from Mexic o by Portuguese and Spanish merchants in 16th century, peanuts assumed a place within Indonesian cuisine as a key ingredient.Peanuts thrived in the tropical environment of Southeast Asia, and today they can be found, roasted and chopped finely, in many recipes. Whole, halved, or crushed peanuts are used to garnish a variety of dishes, and used in marinades and dipping sauces such as sambal kacang (a mixture of ground chilies and fried peanuts) for otak-otak or ketan. Peanut oil, extracted from peanuts, is one of the most commonly used cooking oils in Indonesia. Bumbu kacang or peanut sauce represents a sophisticated, earthy seasoning rather than a sweet, gloppy sauce. 14 It should have a delicate balance of savoury, sweet, sour, and spicy flavours, find outd from various ingredients, such as fried peanuts, gula jawa (coconut sugar), garlic, shallots, ginger, tamarind, lemon juice, lemongrass, salt, chilli, peppercorns, sweet soy sauce, ground together and mixed with water to form t he right consistency. The secret to good peanut sauce is not too inscrutable and not too watery. Indonesian peanut sauce tends to be less sweet than the Thai version, which is a hybrid adaptation. Gado-gado is a popular dish particularly associated with bumbu kacang, and is eaten across Indonesia. editCoconut milk Shredding coconut flesh to make coconut milk. Coconuts are abundant in tropical Indonesia, and since ancient times Indonesians developed many and various uses for this plant. The broad use of coconut milk in dishes throughout the archipelago is another common characteristic of Indonesian cuisine. It is used in recipes ranging from savoury dishes such as rendang, soto, sayur lodeh, gudeg, and opor ayam to desserts such as es cendol and es doger. Soto is ubiquitous in Indonesia and considered as one of Indonesias national dishes. 8 The use of coconut milk is not exclusive to Indonesian cuisine. It can also be found in Indian, Samoan, Thai, Malaysian, Filipino, and Brazi lian cuisines. Nonetheless, the use of coconut milk is sort of extensive in Indonesia, especially in Minangkabau cuisine, although in Minahasan (North Sulawesi) cuisine, coconut milk is generally absent, except in Minahasan cakes and desserts such as klappertart. In Indonesian cuisine, two types of coconut milk are found, thin coconut milk and thick coconut milk. The difference depends on the water and oil content.Thin coconut milk is usually used for soups such as sayur lodeh and soto, while the thicker variety is used for rendang and desserts. It can be made from impudently shredded coconut meat in traditional markets, or can be found processed in cartons at the supermarket. After the milk has been extracted from the shredded coconut flesh to make coconut milk, the ampas kelapa (leftover coconut flesh) can still be used in urap, seasoned and spiced shredded coconut meat mixed together with vegetables. Leftover shredded coconut can also be cooked, sauteed and seasoned to make ser undeng, almost powdery sweet and spicy finely shredded coconut.Kerisik paste, added to thicken rendang, is another use of coconut flesh. To acquire a rich taste, some households insist on using freshly shredded coconut, instead of leftover, for urap and serundeng. Serundeng can be mixed with meat in dishes such as serundeng daging (beef serundeng) or sprinkled on top of other dishes such as soto or ketan (sticky rice). An example of the heavy use of coconut is Buras from Makassar, rice wrapped in banana leaf cooked with coconut milk and sprinkled with powderise coconut similar to serundeng.

Marriage Is a Private Affair – Interpretation

Arranged marriages argon something that is still going on in our time. They are something that I dont agree with. The marriage isnt about love, just the lucre that each family can make by marrying their children to each other. People who are put together in these marriages usually gestate not even met before. They are just assigned to eachother from a young age. They spend the commencement years of their marriages just getting to lie with each other. The guy usually forces himself onto the woman, since in the countries that arrange such marriages women are usually treated equivalent property.The families of the children force their kids to go through with the marriages or else they are disowned and dishonor their families. They are then banned from family gatherings and out cast by society. I dont visualize why people dont just give up these traditions. I know of one person who decided to leave and not go though with an arranged marriage. She is From India she is the sister o f my friend Ferhad. She left India to come live hither with her brother and uncle. Her parents literally wanted to kill her because she left without set uping them. They disowned her and wont let the cat out of the bag to her.She doesnt care because now shes here and no one can tell her what to do because she has a job and pays half the rent. She is happy now. I dont come across why more people just dont leave their homes instead of existence forced to marry. Arranged marriages are something that will slowly fade out as time goes by. They will just be seen as a barbaric practice of the past. Until that day though, people will just have to leave their homes and break contact with their families or put up with it and let their lives be run by their families and tradition.

Engines of economic growth Essay

Economic growth link ups to an increase in the colde of goods and services that an thrift git produce everyplace a condition stop consonant of time. Percentage increase in real domestic point of intersection is conventionally physical exertiond to measure frugalal growth. In order to sort bulge out out inflation effects on prices of goods and services, growth is measured in inflation adjusted terms or simply real terms. Typically, stinting growth means an increase in potential output, a function where there is full employment due to growth in discover output or aggregate demand (Kennedy, 1990, 34).Engines of economic growth refer to variables or elements that determine the take aim of economic growth, either propelling it forrader or backwards. Normally, much(prenominal) variables are geared at improving the side of economy but not slaging it. However, because of the challenging economic conditions all over the land, many economies are observed to experience depr essions and booms respectively to the conditions of the economy. The economy hence does not assume a straight line but a curve with minima and maxima and some time flat shapes.Therefore, engines of economic growth manipulate the track of the economy, as they are also manipulated by the market recite (Collins, 2000, 20). iodin of the engines of economic growth is the level of investments. For capital goods to be accumulated and allay the production of greater volume of consumer goods in time to come, certain pct of consumer goods should be given up in the current time. Accumulations for the rising period burn down only be achieved through sacrifices of the present time. Increase in the quantity of capital goods is called investments.In the economy, many goods and assets undergo depreciation solar day in day out. Depreciation may be due to use or as age of the assets increase. Investments are made to cancel out such depreciations and other unanticipated costs that may come up in the process of economic operations. Depreciation is occasionally defined as the monetary value by which machineries and equipments become obsolete or take for granted out during the year. For stability of the economy, the level of investments should be kept greater than the level of depreciation (Scott, 1991, 45).The greater the investments above depreciation, the laster the potential output of the economy in future. Investments are not only made to bring faculty and increase production in future, but also to serve as a security tool for the economy. This is because todays economic trough is filled with many risks and uncertainties, which if not well taken care of can devastate an economy. Market area is characterized by foundations in all field of production including the nature and types of commodities, the level of technology, international standards and requirements and swop in customers tastes and preferences.As a result, any economy which does not respond to these dy namics can easily be overhauled. However, for economies with sound investments, any challenge that comes by the elbow room can easily be countered. Resources used from investment must wherefore come from postponement of todays decision to consume to the future as illustrated below (Moore, 1998, 43). Consumption Investments 0 C B The plot describes that economies with high rates of pulmonary tuberculosis in the current period, pass on assimilate little investments for the future. This is shown by PPF CC and.An economy that restricts consumption today will have an expanded ability to produce in the future and therefore will be able to move to a higher consumption point (A), operating at PPF BB. This means that investments are determined by the rate of savings of an economy (Rostow, 1960, 10). The analysis depicts that savings should be high for growth in gross domestic product to be achieved. promiscuous economies have ever subjected their citizens to compulsory savings through the government, because without savings, investments can not be realized. The government can do this through increased and compel taxation (Scheers, 1999, 30).Currently, the mostly pronounced engines for economic growth are innovation and entrepreneurship. The notion that these two aspects can spur economic growth is found on several research works from both developed and develop economies around the world. National priorities have of late encompassed entrepreneurship, innovation and experience at firm, regional, national and international levels. Attention towards these variables has been driven by the complexity of the change process and the multilevel and multivariable nature of the world economic competition.In the supposition of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs are seen as economic agents who may either operate at heart or outside(a) firms but pay attention to economic happenings at all levels. These agents consistently seek for information from different economic settin gs, chip in the spillovers of that fellowship and ultimately create innovative results through creation of brand- newfoundborn firms and enterprises. Entrepreneurial capital is determined by the degree of the presence of economic systems and entrepreneurial activities. Entrepreneurial capital serves as an important component for economic growth to be actualized.Apart from human capital, financial capital and knowledge capital, entrepreneurial capital has been proved to play greater role compared to knowledge capital (Mclindon, 1996, 51). innovation refers to the process of creative thinking after which new techniques, products, formulations, markets, designs and ideas are brought forth into an economy. It is this process that takes place before entrepreneurship, because it is carried out by entrepreneurs. Innovators act as watch dogs for the economy. An economy undergoes consecutive reformations because it is influenced by national, regional and interregional factors.It is ther efore advisable for any economy to make close observations of what new is coming up in the economy. For economic growth to be sound, ignorance of the outside reforms lags the economy behind. Entrepreneurs enable the economy to realize and respond to new products in the market. Goods and services are undergoing improvements in the way they are packaged, manufactured, blended, distributed and labeled. This slow solution to the above aspects may render an economy of a country uncompetitive. Innovation still can call up the economy in times of technological progression in the production channel (North, 1996, 21).Currently, the world is talk of the town about developed economies and developing economies, of which the big difference is the level of reception to technology of the concerned economies. Production of commodities has to be as efficient and effectual as possible to minimize costs and time. The western world is using high technologies in production and trading activities th at have not provided been realized by the rest of the world, or even if the third world has recognized them, they may not have the capability to implement them.As a result, their economies are propelled forward to extremes that the rest of the world runs after with a lot of limitations. Therefore, the ability to realize arising opportunities and utilize them immediately and efficiently has propelled these economies to far ends. It is true saying that economies without entrepreneurs, innovators and discoverers are being exploited by such individuals from developed world. After considering this kind of analysis, it will be significant to state that economic growth is directly related to the level of innovation and entrepreneurship in a nation (Osterfeld, 1992, 14).

The Village

The Village experiment The film The Village by M iniquity Shaman, looks at a series of images which form the basis for portraying and shaping the story. M Night expends baffling tokens throughout the film resulting In the audience making up their experience mind astir(predicate) trusted events that take place. Using people of color as a main(prenominal) centre piece for the film is an effective bearing of communicating to the audience opthalmicly. The powerful imagery is another tool in which engages and speaks to the audience allowing them to interpret the film as they will.This essay will strain the way in which these Images and humbly ache the message across without the use of excessive dialogue. It will a handle look at what the Images and symbols actually re give up. change Is an Important symbol throughout the film. The symbolic color that are utilize are yellow and red. The auteur links two simple primary colors to pretend the communities perceptions of wa keless and evil. The elders create the Illusion that the red color attracts the monsters and the color yellow is the safe color which nurtures them from any danger.This gives the film a hearty visual element. These two colors are bright as gainn throughout the film and all other colors appear dull adding a greater emphasis to the colors red and yellow. This shows us that M Night does not rely on verbal conversation to bring about the symbols. The red flower is an indication of this, When we see the two girls sweeping and they see the flower they quickly bury the bad color in the ground. This also happens when Noah, who doesnt really understand the concept of color, picks the red berries from the woods putting them in his pocket.Later on Noah then offers the berries and places them in Ivy hand, she does not understand at first, obviously due to the fact that she is blind, until Luscious warns her. Oh. Berries What a splendid cede Be cautious. You are holding the bad color. This color attracts those we dont speak of, you must(prenominal) bury It. You ought not pick that color berry anymore. Ivy, Luscious This confirms that M Night is using the colors as a powerful symbol alerting viewers to the fact that colors are symbolic and represent the difference between good and evil.An Important Image to examine In the film Is when a monster has been spotted within the villages boundaries, Ivy is waiting for Luscious outside on the porch, Ivy holds UT her hand whilst in the background we can see a faint monster look from the darkness. This conveys to the audience the trusting nature of Ivy, she places an enormous amount of trust on Luscious hoping that he will be there. This also represents an element of courageousness because the audience knows that the monster, at any moment, could come and attack her.However, we know that lb Is not like other women from the village, she is not affected from her blindness. Instead she uses her other senses like sound and touc h to compensate for It. Are you not angry you get under ones skin OFF This shows us that Ivy does view the village divers(prenominal)ly when compared with the others in the community, provided can still see the world, Just in a different light. She places trust in the hands of her friends and family to guide her. Symbolism occurs regularly throughout the film, M Night uses many symbols to illustrate not sole(prenominal) his ideas but the storyline as well.The black boxes which are placed in the houses of the elders all contain secrets from their past. This symbolisms that The Village is essentially made up on a lie because all the elders have hidden secrets that they want to protect so they can concur the community safe from the outside world and all the violence in it. Luscious turn tail quickly catches on to the idea that there are secrets within The Village and knows that they are contained in the black boxes. There are secrets in every corner of this village, do you not feel it?Do you not see it? Luscious Hunt 2354-2404 Once again M Night is adding a visual element to the story thus creating the black boxes into a symbol for secrets. other symbolic element to this film is the rocking chairs which are positioned on the front flex at every house. The rocking chairs represent forte in hard times, potentiality of the human spirit, whenever the characters of the village are feeling weak or ardent they will go and sit in the chair gathering readiness which will then help them face the issues they have. The moment I hear my daughters vision had finally failed her and that she would forever be blind I was academic term in that very chair Edward Walker This confirms that the village characters draw strength through the use of the chair which now alerts the audience to the fact that the chairs present strength. The boundaries which surrounds the village are also symbolic. The boundaries represent the protection that the elders enforce to keep the vil lage innocent.The elders are trying to protect the community from the violence and discourtesy that takes place in the outside world, or so they would have you believe. U have kindness in your voice, I did not expect that. 13446-1 3453 This shows the audience that the outside world is far different from how the elders have concluded it to be, Ivy was surprised that the man was kind because she had been raise to live that the towns were full of hatred and crime.This film is heavily based on images and symbolism resulting in not as much need for an in depth narrative. M Night tends not to convey the story by using plain dialogue but instead uses strong images and symbols to get the point across in a visual sense. Color is the main symbol used in the film, using colors to represent good and bad gets the viewers to think and make assumptions based on certain colors. He also uses powerful images to convey scenes without any dialogue however still manages to get the message across.

Evaluation of personl learning Essay

An paygrade of my private acquisition forge a great with comments on how I forge to update my cognitive content specialist noesis, generic association of t separatelying and nurture, victimisation instances from my practice and discussing the part my wise man played in my organic evolution.IntroductionThe know down of this assignment is to represent how my constitute attainment points from my personal study mean build been tack together into practice and to evaluate these, examples from my practice go out in addition be used. I result apologise how I plan to update non only my worst specialist noesis but likewise my generic knowledge of program line and attainment. I plan to withal explain and discuss the part my mentor has played in my cookment everywhere the deuce years of cert Ed booking.Having a personal learning plan is a great way of setting out your prospective objective, aims and goals. Having goals to gaffer for gives you motivation and d irection and in like manner builds on sanction and self esteem. all the same it is a good idea to plan your own personal learning plan, when you plan your own programme, it is more than belike to be relevant to your conducts and be able to be applied, and be colligated to, your teach. This, then, is more likely to give you motivation for your learning (Reece & Walker 2003 pg 400). I plan to polish up and update my own personal learning plan every sextuplet months.However my personal learning is overly discussed in my supervisions at toy which I admit every three months, this enables me to discuss all knowledge I myself wish to update and also any homework my autobus opinions I would benefit from. I feel this is good support to regard my personal learning plan in spite of appearance my supervision, it also shows management that I am committed and taking control of my own learning. My personal learning plan consists of three main aras these are.Subject specialist learningThis is the qualified that I teach this includes my applicatory and theory work.Generic teaching developmentThis is schemes of work and lesson plans how I use divergentiation and assessment, along with assignments and tint for and so onSkills developmentThis is my literacy, numeracy and ICT skills.My suit specialist bailiwick has a variety of subject posings these are induction, food hygiene awareness, health and safety, individual renovation think (ISP), swallowing disorders, manual handling, infection control and prototypical aid I do incessant refresher courses on all sessions deep down the nerve how ever I do also railroad carry out independent reading and research of individual subjects to keep my self updated. Especially on change that relate to any regulations that cod an impact on my training sessions. There bring been dickens key personal learning development subject fields in my subject specialist area the eldest world ISP training. This train ing session has had a flesh out overhaul to how it is to be bestowed which has regard a lot of changes to the ISP itself, example how these are set up and completed.For me to salvage this training to my learners I involve to attend a devil day training session myself. The sessions involved theory and practical(a) learning giving me the knowledge and the skills to enable me to deliver a practical session to my learners. Example when doing this session my learners will not be just listening and getting involved in assembly intelligences they will be involved in an ongoing practical, At their best, practicals are an enjoyable and active hands on experience. At their worst they are frustrating episodes where not even the teacher knows what is sibyllic to be happening (Petty 2004 pg 204). So any practical should be fountainhead plan. My learners will be put into pairs unity will be the service user and the other the key worker. They will then be give a number of activities t o follow.Using this method they will build and complete an ISP, learners are able to swap roles by out so each learner gets to play each role. I have delivered this training session this way on galore(postnominal) occasions now and it is working well, learners are enjoying and putting into practice what they have learnt well, this is evident when looking at at ISP, s that they have completed. My second key learning point in my subject specialist area is first aid training. I was unable to deliver this session as I did not have the knowledge and qualification to do this. I tended to(p) a both day necessity first aid course down Lincoln done NUCO training, having attended this training I now have the confidence and subject knowledge to be able to deliver this to my learners.The training consisted of two presentations showing the teacher my understanding of the subject and showing I was able to present, I was also assessed on practical exemplars by out the two days, example re suscitation procedure, strangling procedure, and the procedure in the event of an emergency situation example car accident. This training was very challenging and intense however it has given me the skills to develop an effective training session for my learners. I have two sessions planned to deliver in July. Having being successful in this training I am also able to go and assess other first aid flight simulators. I plan to update my subject specialist knowledge continuously I will do this by go to refresher training sessions. I am also a member of the add for learning where you have to prove you have so many hours of continuous professional development. I also plan to use E-learning within the organisation for any relevant training sessions, along with my independent learning by means of reading and research on the mesh.My generic knowledge of teaching and learning has developed well through out my two years on cert Ed, my skills in lesson planning have developed immensely a nd I put these into practice on a regular basis. My delivery methods have carry oned and survive a lot more interactive for my learners, by bringing in differentiation and inclusive learning example hand washing exercise I use a power point slide to show a picture of hands with bacteria on, we have a discussion on hands, show learners how to wash hands correctly, we then do a hands washing exercise covering visual, audio and kinaesthetic learning styles.My assignments now have structure and flow throughout, my spelling and punctuation has also improved, this has been managed through hard work and practice of proof reading which is a skill in its self, a skill that can always be developed further through practice and gathering information from books and the internet. I plan to update my generic knowledge of teaching and learning through independent learning by using the internet and reading books, also the E-learning that the organisation encourage us to use have several(prenomina l)(a) useable courses on punctuation, organisation skills, planning skills, assessing and evaluation etc which Iplan to look at using in the future. I am also attending mentoring training at the end of May which I feel will be beneficial to myself and my learners.My skills development have improved over my two years in cert end, in the first year of cert ed my personal learning plan identified my need to achieve level two in twain English and maths. I have now achieved both qualifications and in particular benefited greatly from the English this has helped me with my assignments, writing letters, creating handouts for my training sessions and sharp and understanding where a sentence begins and ends along with why we have and need to use punctuation. I did have the basic knowledge of English expression but did require further development and knowledge. By attending key skills level two has developed this knowledge which has enabled me to progress in this area of my personal learn ing. However I do believe I will benefit from further development in this area and plan to progress onto key skills level three English once I have completed my cert ed year two.My ict skills have improved this is through cursory use of a laptop and also attending a two day training course through the organisation. The course consisted of two modules first module was an introduction to IT & file management, this module developed my personal learning in areas such as using windows XP, explain the use of options within my computer, being aware of the principals of using my documents, be able to create, change, delete and get going files and folders and identify how and when to back data up. Module two outlook & internet/intranet this module has developed my personal learning in areas such as accessing E-learning and being aware of its potential, organising and accessing personal files and to become more familiar with the intranet within the organisation and how to use it effectivel y.I have also had a itty-bitty session on the use of power point which has been beneficial to me as within my job role, as at times I am required to put a power point presentation together. I plan to update my ict skills by attending a further two modules which will be nonionized through the organisation hopefully in the coming year. I also believe everyday use will enhance my skills. I also plan to do a more intense session on power point in the tight future.Through my two years of cert Ed I have had a mentor. Mentoring is arelationship between mentor and mentee that encourages growth and development in a respectful and collegial environment (Morton-Cooper & Palmer, 2000). The mentoring relationship may be an informal arrangement that happens naturally, or a formal relationship that is organised within the work organisation (Rose, 2005). My job role as training and development officer was a new post for me in 2007 and it was my autobus who suggested that I enrol onto the cert E d course rather than training and development NVQ4. She felt that I would gain more from this course and it would equip me with the knowledge and confidence to carry my duties out competently. As my theater director is an experienced trainer herself it made sense for her to also be my mentor as she had trustfulness in me from the very beginning of my training. A mentoring relationship tends to be long term that can be entered into at any stage of ones career (Northcott, 2000). This statement has been true in my case.The relationship I have with my mentor is a good one she has been supportive through out especially when it has come to bringing in new ideas for training sessions in fact she has used some of the ideas herself. The process has always been a two way process. My mentor has not been their to tell me what to do, she has guided, encouraged, supported, provided information and almost of all always listened, especially in moments when I have concept this whole thing is too much for me. Through out my observations my mentor has been encouraging and made feel at ease as she knew how sickening I was on these occasions, feed back from observations were always positive and any development points were always taken on board. My mentor has recognised some skills in me that I never realised I had along with dowry me developing these skills. Example a year ago my mentor asked me if I would like to do a course that would enable me to deliver first aid training to my learners, so I would not need to confide them out externally for this training.I explained to my mentor that I was not shrewd on doing this and felt that this was a course that qualified nurses should do. My mentor did not try to push or persuade me into doing this even though it would make unnecessary the organisation money. I have just done this course delay month and it was me who approached my manager/mentor, I really enjoyed it and I am looking introductory to delivering it to my learner s. It is amazing what a year can do to some ones confidence and self esteem. If my manager/mentor had made me do this when she cute me to do it I would not have developed in that area orenjoyed it.My mentor has always allowed me to do things at my own pace and has a great understanding of how we as individuals learn at different levels and pace. I feel this is a good quality to have when being a mentor. Looking back it was a excellent suggestion from my manager/mentor for me to enrol onto the cert ed, over the two years I feel I have grown not only in confidence but in both the theory and the practical side of my teaching and learning. It has been a privilege to have had a mentor who has guided, supported, encouraged and listened through out the two year process. How ever it does not end in that location as she is also my manager she will be there for the future too.ConclusionFor us to further ourselves I feel it is essential to have objectives, aims and goals. I feel if we do no t things do not get done so our goals do not get met. We may have goals in our heads but if they are not planned they tend not to be achieved. For me a personal learning plan is the way forward we can then tick of the goals we have achieved and plan for new goals in the future. Looking back two years ago I would never have dreamt that I would have achieved what I have achieved today, I believe this has been achieved through good planning, good support and hard work by myself. Learning is an ongoing process and I look forward to many more years of teaching and learning.http//sarah-stewart.blogspot.com/2009/02/what-is-mentoring.html retrieved 09/05/2009Petty,G 2004, A practical guide teaching today, 3rd edn, Nelson Thornes, United Kingdom.Reece, I & Walker, S 2003, Teaching, prepare and learning a practical guide, 5th edn, Business Education Publishers Limited, great(p) Briton.http//sarah-stewart.blogspot.com/2009/02/what-is-mentoring.html retrieved 09/05/2009Petty,G 2004, A practic al guide teaching today, 3rd edn, Nelson Thornes, United Kingdom.Reece, I & Walker, S 2003, Teaching, Training and learning a practical guide, 5th edn, Business Education Publishers Limited, Great Briton.

Chinese Schools Essay

Chinese nurturetimes ache a bun in the oven come a long carriage since the colonial days. Over the years and with the evolution of the content see establishment, Chinese schools have had to face countless threats to their survival. patronage this, Chinese schools have gained popularity and have enjoyed high enrolments, even among non-Chinese students. It has been reported that at to the lowest degree 10 pct of students studying in Chinese schools come from non-Chinese backgrounds. A number of factors ease up to this growing phenomenon. First, Chinese schoolteachers are well known for their high train of commitment.For this and other reasons, students from Chinese schools often excel in public examinations in particular in acquaintance and Mathematics. The other attraction of Chinese schools is that students are requisite to learn an admissional manner of speaking, Mandarin, which is a highly marketable skill in the job market. Chinese culture A Historical Perspectiv e The beginnings of Chinese teaching method in Malaysia can be traced to the early nineteenth century. It was enter that by 1815, there were already three Chinese schools in Malacca. wiz was founded by the London Missionary Society.With construe to the other two, sociologist Yang Qinghuang suggests that at least matchless would be a school founded by the Hokkien people. Scholar Zheng Liangshu suggests that most old-type Chinese schools skill have existed in the Straits Settlements since the end of the 18th century. For a long time, Chinese schools in the Straits Settlements received neither help from the British authorities nor assistance from the government in China. disdain this, they prevaild funded mainly by clan and dialect associations.When faced with political and pecuniary difficulties at the turn of the twentieth century, the Ching government of China compoundd its attitude towards oversea Chinese and began to assist Chinese command outside of China. It impl emented educational reforms based on a proposal by Zhang Zidong. Following the reforms, the political program was revised to include Chinese Classical Literature, History, Geography, Mathematics, Moral information, Physical tuition and other optional subjects like Commerce and Drawing.In Malaya, Chung Hwa Confucian tutor in Penang not only adopted this freshly curriculum (it was the offshoot to do so), it went further to include English as a subject. sign from the Ching government, however, was short lived. It ended with the fall of the dynasty. Chinese schools that attempted to run raw educational programmes (with a redbrick curriculum and incorporating English as a subject) faced enormous challenges. On the one hand, they were constantly in indispensability of more funds.On the other hand, they lacked competent teachers. Furthermore, they had to compete with the more completed English schools. Even so, there were five hundred Chinese schools with modern educational pro grammes established in Malaya and Singapore in 1920. By this time, textbooks for these schools had deceased person from the classical into the vernacular Chinese language (baihuawen). Because of their impressive growth, the British government decided that it could no longer afford to ignore Chinese schools.On 29 October 1920, it introduced the Regist ration of School order to restrict the activities of Chinese schools in the Straits Settlements and Federated Malay States by way of registration and inspection. In 1935, control was further tightened textbooks and teachers from China were prohibited. Only local materials and Malaysian-born teachers were allowed, and activities in Chinese schools came under strict scrutiny. Despite these challenges, Chinese education continued to thrive until it was suspended at the time of the Japanese Occupation of Malaya.After the war, Chinese schools resumed operation. By 1946, their number had ballooned to more than one thousand in Malaya. Howeve r, succeeding(a) the Barnes and Fenn-Wu Reports (June 1951) and the Education Ordinance 1952, Chinese education was exclude d from the national education system. The Chinese community rallied to form Jiao Zong (United Chinese School Teachers joining of Malaya, UCSTAM) and Dong Zong (United Chinese School Committees Association of Malaya, UCSCAN) to safeguard Chinese education. The Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) joined in.Its president then, Tun Tan Cheng Lock spoke these memorable lines, Chinese in Malaya should be given Chinese education The dialect or mother tongue can be likened to a persons shadow, and is inseparable from the person himself/herself (translated from Chinese). Efforts to safeguard Chinese education became even more difficult following the Razak Report in 1956 and the Education Ordinance in 1957. Thereafter, Chinese primary education was officially include in the national education system, classified as standard-type primary schools with Chinese language as the medium of instruction.However, Chinese secondary schools were excluded from the system when the let down Certificate of Education examination (L. C. E) was introduced in English. This was not in congruity with the promise of fairness to other social languages in the expanse as specified in the Razak Report. Furthermore, the Chinese community were horrified by the ground of reference in Paragraph 12 of the Razak Report the ultimate accusative of educational policy in this country must be to shoot together the children of all races under a national education system in which the national language is the main medium of instruction. Paragraph 12 was subsequently omitted following strong opposition from the Chinese community headed by Jiao Zong. Both the Rahman Talib Report (1961) and the Education Act (1961) reaffirmed the education policy as stated in the Education Ordinance 1957. Since government financial sanction was vital to the survival of Chinese secondary schools, more than half of the 41 Chinese secondary schools then had little choice but to metamorphose itself into English medium national type secondary schools. On hindsight, umteen Chinese view this decision as a big mistake.The stay 14 schools refused to give in, and have remained independent to this day. The MCA facilitated this conversion as it was genial with the verbal promises made by the Education Minister that the government has no intention to exercise its authority granted under the Act to change Chinese primary schools to national schools and that Chinese schools are allowed to allocate one third of their curriculum for learning Mandarin and Chinese literature. As a consequence of this concession made at the secondary school level, teaching of Chinese education in Malaysia was restricted thereafter to the primary school level. The New Education Act 1996 posed an even bigger threat. It threw into research the status of national-type schools that were not established under Section 28 of the new Act. In fact, prior to this during the initial stage of implementing the 3R system (Reading, Writing & Arithmetic) in 1980, Chinese schools had already been challenged to forgo their medium of instruction. Materials for learning all subjects demur Mandarin were available only in Bahasa Melayu.In response, Dong Jiao Zong and diverse Chinese guilds and associations submitted a memorandum to voice their opposition to the Ministry of Education in 1981. The schools were given the assurance that the government had no intention of changing the citation of Chinese schools. However in the ensuing years, Chinese schools were asked to consider the judgment of integrated schools (1985) and Vision Schools (proposed in 1995, implemented in 2000), in addition to the latest 2-4-3 resolution that sought to introduce the teaching of Mathematics and Science in English (proposed in 2002, implemented in 2003).Despite these challenges, Chinese schools seek to maintain emphasis o n the Five Aspects of Formal Education in Confucianism (Wuyu Jiaoyu) namely, moralistic (de), capable (zhi), physical (ti), social (qun ) and aesthetic ( ei) education. Until today, Chinese schools m continue to value discipline, respect for the elderly, courtesy, personal character and morality, quite than marketable skills such as computer literacy, Mathematics and Science. Some Reflections How does the victimization of Chinese education affect the church community i Malaysia?n Should we stake our claims to citizenry and defend our right to be educated in our own (mother tongue) language?What around racial integration? Is it possible to promote Chinese education without further polarising the different communities? First, we have a moral basis for defending Chinese education. Being given the choice and having the luck to be educated in ones own language is a universal human right according to the Universal resolve of Human Rights 1948. Chinese education ha s existed in this country since the nineteenth century.As such, I believe we ought to defend the right of its cosmea in the same way as we would for the education of other heathenish communities in their own languages. Second, there is value in the Chinese school culture that is worth speaking up for. Even though outsiders might consider the Chinese community uncompromising in its stand with regard to educational issues, it must be pointed out that it is not just about safeguarding the Chinese language but it is also about retaining the ideals of holistic education.Furthermore, Chinese schools have a tradition of nurturing dedicated schoolteachers, and the Christian community should be at the forefront to encourage this culture of service and excellence. In the past, legion(predicate) of them have had to pay a high price for their conviction and consignment by becoming martyrs Zhuang Xiquan, Chen Taomin and others were deported for opposing the Registration of School Ordinance 1920 Lim Lian Geok and Yen Yuan Chang were deprived of citizenship in 1961 Lim Huang Sheng and Sim Mow Yu were jailed under the Internal Security Act in 1987.Chinese education aid evangelistic work among the Chinese community. It provides students with a better understanding of the Chinese culture. Whereas in the past, the content of Chinese education was often influenced by conventional beliefs and practices, the Chinese education system today is more open to intellectual discourse on rethinking and repositioning the Chinese identity. The main grouse against Chinese schools is the lack of racial integration since students come from predominantly one ethnic background.The question we must ask is, is this acceptable or healthy in a multi-ethnic society like Malaysia? Most abets for Chinese education would argue that it is less than ideal but what choice do they have? If national schools were to adopt a more holistic philosophy, and their teachers showed a more credible record in terms of commitment and disciplining of students, and if they provided students with the opportunity to study their own languages, racial integration would be less of an issue and Chinese students would be more evenly distributed between national and Chinese schools.Despite this obvious shortcoming related to racial integration, I still advocate Chinese education for what it offers. Clearly, through its holistic philosophy and track record, it has produced some responsible citizens through the years. Chinese education continues to play a portentous role in nation-building and church life in Malaysia. Florence Kuek lectures Mandarin at Universiti Teknologi Mara.