Spice Crops

Accessibility to superb roads, transportation facilities, and market A not bad(predicate) farm-to-market road is practically essential. Bad roads limit the size of loads, increase wear and tear, and cause crops to be bruise. 2. ) Well-drained beas A gently sloping land is a good internet site because it allows for efficient piddle drainage. The site should not have any depression where water may accumulate. 3. ) Soil fertility Spice crops dope be turn overn in almost all types of colly. However, they thrive best in loose, friable, sandy loam soil rich in organic matter. 4. ) Climatic conditionsMost spice crops grow best under warm wet climates but some grow in juiceless environments. Determining what kind of spice crop to grow in a particular bea should be done beforehand. 5. ) Rainfall The amount of rainfall is consequential because spice crops do not grow well in atomic number 18as with excessive rainfall. Instead, they grow faster in places with direct exposure to su nlight. Preparing the Onions There are several varieties of onion plant plant grow here in the Philippines. Among them are Red Globe, go past, Granex, Red Creoles, Crystal Wax, Japanese Bunching, Baguio green,and Beltsville Bunching. The onion plot should be plowed, harrowed, and left in good tilth.The surface should be well worked and smooth. For every kilogram, prepare a 110 meter plot. cabal five plots and five kilograms of seeds for every hectare of planting area. Sow the seeds thinly and evenly and so water the plot. move through them with a thin layer of pulverized soil to avoid exposure to sunlight. Keep the soil wet by watering it every week with ammonium sulfate. Seedlings are grown for 30-40days. As the onion matures, stepwise decrease water supply to promote proper bulb adeptning. Stop watering when the tops of onion start falling over as they are almost create for produceing.Onions keeping calibre is longer when it is fully ripe when harvested. PLANTING AND CARI NG FOR ONIONS Planting and Transplanting Onions can be set either by clean culture or mulch culture method. If clean culture is used, the discipline should be plowed and harrowed to remove the weeds and pulverized the soil. One or double rows are then made, and complete plant food and processed fertilizer at the rate of 4-6 kg. per 100sq. m of land are soundly mixed and applied. The plots should be sufficiently irrigated to wet the soil. In the mulch method, the field of operations is not plowed. Instead, the rest stalks are cut nearest to the ground.Then, the field is allowed to dry while the weeds are removed. The field should be irrigated third days before transplanting. Fertilizer should be applied a week before transplanting. The amount of fertilizer to apply may depend on the native soil fertility, thus soil analysis is necessary. later 30-40 days, irrigate the field to loosen the soil. Uproot the seedlings carefully, and plant them in the plot in columns with a stand offishness of 8-10cm. Make sure that the soil has enough moisture while the plants are growing. Irrigation In the plot method, the first off watering is done after one week from the date of planting.Irrigate the field just enough to water the soil. Apply the fertilizer consisting of five bags of ammonium sulfate and five bags of urea per hectare are then applied. The field is then irrigated every 10days. On the third irrigation, a combination of five bags of urea and five bags of muriate of potassium hydroxide are applied. On the fourth irrigation, 20 bags of complete fertilizer per hectare are then applied In the mulched method, less irrigation is done because the rice straws can retain the moisture of the soil longer. In both methods of planting, irrigation is no longer done one month before harvesting the crops.Pest and Diseases The common Pest that attack onions are thrips and nocturnal leaf-eating worms. You have learned that thrips are winged insects that eat parts of onions leaves, which then become yellow and dried from tip to base. To control these pests, spray the infested plant with Malathion or any appropriate insecticide. Purple blotch and onion pink rot are the common diseases caused by fungi that usually attack onions. Practicing crop rotation, planting of resistant varieties, and applying appropriate pesticides are some of the measures that farmers may use to control these diseases. HARVEST AND POST-HARVEST OF ONIONSHarvesting and Post-harvesting Operations The bending of the onion leaves is a sign that the onions are ready for harvesting. The maturity period of the crop differs according to the variety, just make sure that only the fully ripe ones are harvested to enhance their keeping quality. Red Globe, for example, matures in 100 days or more Excel matures in 90-100 days Red Creole matures in 110-120 days and Granex matures in 130-135 days. Onions are harvested by uprooting the plants carefully. The bulbs should be properly sorted from the thick necks ( go away not stock certificate so long) injured or damaged bulbs should be cleaned.The plants are then placed in nylon sacks, bamboo crates or baskets. Onions should be carefully handled and properly cured, so that they will retain their freshness and quality. Onions should be placed in cold storage room with a dry atmosphere and adequate ventilation Marketing of Onions Fresh market onions are distributed through broker-shippers, grower-shippers, and chain store buyers. Many growers disposed of their crops soon after harvest. Dealers, shoppers, supermarket buyers, and others are usually on hand at harvest time to buy the products on cash basis, some on consignment basis.In some areas, onions are usually sold under marketing contracts between growers and shippers. Profit Crops payoff Cost Gross income Net income (Pesos)(Pesos) (Pesos) Onions P50. 00 P100. 00 P50. 00 The remaining P50. 00 profit will be the total profit for my plant production of onions.FIAT LUX ACADE ME Cavite In partial fulfillment of the requirement in T. L. E. II A Project Plant for my Plant Production Submitted by Rotsen R. Manaois II Germanium Submitted to Miss Hirlen E. Pico T. L. E. Teacher