What Do Race And Ethnicity, Social Class And Commercialism...

To what extent do race ethnicity, social class and commercialism influence participation in sport, and in what ways? Intro Anglo-Saxon culture is in many ways obsessed with sport and, from the late eighteenth through to the nineteenth centuries, produced many of the formalized sports now adopted world-wide and played according to the standard rules (Holt, 1989). In the last century following a brief period of participation, black sportsmen were barred participating alongside whites e.g. Baseball in the early 1860s which led to black players resorting to create their own teams and leagues. Black sportsmen have since World War II made a remarkable impact in baseball, basketball, athletics, American football and boxing but not so much in golf and tennis (Coakley 1978, Edwards, 1973). A reason being that according to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey the poverty rate for African Americans is 28% compared to 15% for all races which shows some races are more inclined to be part of a certain social class. Certain sports tend to be linked with middle and upper classes lifestyle both in their recruitment and their supporters. Class and Race/Ethnic Minorities There is an indissoluble link between social class, ethnicity and sports. Football in Britain and Brazil, baseball and basketball in America are among sports which continue to recruit players almost exclusively from the blue collar sector of the population. Working class men view a career in professionalShow MoreRelatedWhat Are Cultural Factors That Promote Caribbean Integration6924 Words   |  28 PagesAustralian society. popular culture considered to be more mainstream than ‘high culture’. It is associated with ‘lighter’ forms of entertainment such as sporting events, television programs, comic strips and rock concerts. rationalisation to eliminate what is considered unnecessary, in order to make it more efficient. secular a term meaning ‘non-religious’. sovereignty the supreme and unrestricted power to govern a state. transnational corporations (TNCs) large international companies whose operationsRead MoreThe Effects of Advertising on Child ren33281 Words   |  134 PagesTelevision Advertising to Children A review of contemporary research on the influence of television advertising directed to children Prepared for ACMA by Dr Jeffrey E. Brand May 2007  © Commonwealth of Australia 2007 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the ManagerRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesPerspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subjectRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages................. 23 What is a Statement?............................................................................................................................ 23 What is an Argument?......................................................................................................................... 25 What is the Issue?................................................................................................................................. 28 What is a Proof?.............